Human immunodeficiency virus transmission through artificial insemination

Article Abstract:

Artificial insemination is the process by which healthy sperm is inserted into the vagina, cervical canal, or the uterus itself, by artificial means. The sperm may be obtained from a man known to the woman undergoing artificial insemination (usually the husband), or from a donor unknown to the woman at an artificial insemination clinic. Between 1986 and 1987, 80,000 women in the United States underwent artificial insemination at an average cost of $1,100, resulting in 30,000 births. Although artificial insemination is common practice in the United States, it has been associated with risk of transmitting gonorrhea, hepatitis B, genital herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. HIV-1 infection was identified in six sperm donors at an artificial insemination clinic in New York City in 1985. One hundred and seventy-six women had received sperm of these HIV-infected donors through artificial insemination between 1979 and mid-1985. Out of 134 women tested for HIV-1 infection, one was positive. This patient did not have a history of high-risk behavior for AIDS and her husband was negative for HIV-1 infection. This case shows that HIV-1 can be transmitted through artificial insemination with semen from an infected donor, and screening of semen donors for HIV-1 should be a routine practice in artificial insemination. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Testing, Complications and side effects, HIV (Viruses), HIV, Disease transmission, Sperm donors, Artificial insemination

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The association between youth, women, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Article Abstract:

Women make up a greater percentage of young people with AIDS. This was documented from the New York City AIDS Surveillance Database, which includes 37,002 people diagnosed with AIDS between 1984 and 1993. Women were diagnosed at an earlier age than men and most had contracted the disease via heterosexual sex or intravenous drug use. Among all AIDS patients under 30, women made up the majority of cases. The odds that a patient was a woman increased 30% for each 5-year decrease in age. This was especially true in women of color.

Demographic aspects, Diseases, Young women

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Declining HIV/AIDS mortality in New York City

Article Abstract:

The death rate from AIDS in New York City dropped substantially when combination drug therapy became available in 1996. In 1995, AIDS was the leading cause of death in young men in New York City. Thereafter, the death rate from AIDS dropped from 7,046 in 1995 to 4,998 in 1996 to 2,625 in 1997. This 63% decrease occurred at the same time that other AIDS drugs became available to supplement the use of zidovudine. Many patients began taking three drugs, including a protease inhibitor.

New York, Health aspects, Mortality, Patient outcomes, Statistics, HIV infection, HIV infections, New York, New York

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