Infant mortality - United States, 1989

Article Abstract:

Infant mortality in the US during 1989 was the lowest it has ever been, but it is still higher than in other developed countries. In 1989, the infant mortality rate for blacks was over twice that of whites, and infant deaths among blacks have decreased at a much slower rate than among whites. Between 1988 and 1989, the main causes of infant death were premature birth and low birthweight, respiratory distress syndrome, and complications associated with pregnancy or the placenta, umbilical cord and membranes. Different racial groups had different leading causes of infant death. Congenital abnormalities was the leading cause of infant death (almost 25%) among whites, but premature birth and low birth weight was the leading cause (15%) among blacks. Black infants have over twice the risk of dying in their first year of life compared to white infants. One of the national health objectives is to reduce infant mortality by the year 2000. Prenatal care is one of the greatest contributors to infant survival. Efforts are being made to provide low-income mothers with prenatal care through Medicaid.

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Infant mortality - United States, 1992

Article Abstract:

The death rate in U.S. infants seems to have decreased between 1991 and 1992, although black infants still have a higher death rate than white infants. Researchers studied national infant birth and death certificate data to compare the infant death rate in 1991 with the rate in 1992. In 1992, there were 8.5 deaths per 1,000 live births, which is the lowest rate recorded. In 1991, the infant death rate was 8.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. The death rate for white infants in 1992 was 6.9 per 1,000 births which is a decrease from the rate in 1991 of 7.3 deaths per 1,000 births. The death rate for black infants in 1992 was 16.8 deaths per 1,000 births which is lower than the death rate in 1991 of 17.6 deaths per 1,000 births. Deaths from respiratory distress syndrome, accidents and adverse effects, and sudden infant death syndrome decreased markedly from 1991 to 1992. In 1992, black infants were 2.4 times more likely to die than white infants during their first year of life.

Causes of, Demographic aspects, Death

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Infant mortality - United States, 1990

Article Abstract:

The US infant mortality rate in 1990 was 9.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. This is the lowest reported rate ever and represents a 6% drop since 1989. The mortality rate fell 3% among black infants and 6% among white infants. Between 1989 and 1990, infant deaths due to respiratory distress syndrome dropped by 24%, deaths due to accidents dropped 9% and deaths due to sudden infant death syndrome dropped 7%. Deaths due to maternal complications and inadequate oxygen rose by 5% and 2%, respectively. The leading cause of death among white infants was birth defects, and among black infants, disorders arising from shorter than normal gestation and low birth weight were the main cause of death. Black infants had a 2.4 times greater risk of dying in the first year than white infants.

Statistics

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