Inositol supplementation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Article Abstract:

Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who receive inositol may have higher survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (abnormal lung development) and with lower incidences of the eye disorder retinopathy of prematurity. Inositol is a substance that is found in cell membranes and that may increase levels of surfactant in the lungs. Of 221 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, 114 were given inositol, and 107 received a placebo (an inactive substance) during the first five days of life. All the infants were on a mechanical ventilator, and some were given surfactant. Infants who received inositol required less oxygen during the 12th through 144th hours of life than those who received the placebo. Eighty-one infants (71%) in the inositol group survived without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, compared with 51 infants (55%) in the placebo group. Thirteen infants (13%) who received inositol had retinopathy of prematurity, compared to 21 (26%) who received placebo. Among 65 infants given surfactant, supplementation with inositol did not affect the level of respiratory failure.

Diet therapy, Respiratory distress syndrome, Inositol

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High-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants

Article Abstract:

A study of the relative benefits of high frequency ventilation and standard mechanical ventilation in preterm infants was conducted in a randomized group of 673 infants, 346 of whom received conventional ventilation and 327 of whom received high frequency ventilation. The focal point of the study was the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was a 41 percent incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the group that received mechanical ventilation and a 40 percent incidence in the group receiving high frequency ventilation. High frequency ventilation has been thought to offer more effective gas exchange, but this was not demonstrated to be true, nor were the need for ventilatory support or the overall mortality rate reduced. Additionally, high frequency ventilation was found to have a higher incidence of such undesirable side effects as air leaks and brain hemorrhages. High frequency ventilation is consequently not recommended for use in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation.

Research, Methods, Evaluation, Artificial respiration, Mechanical ventilation, Newborn infants, Neonatology, Respiratory therapy, Respiratory therapy for newborn infants

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Nasal CPAP or intubation at birth for very preterm infants

Article Abstract:

A study to examine whether controlled continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was more effective than intubation at birth in reducing the risk of mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants is conducted. Results conclude that intubation was less effective as compared to nasal CPAP in infants born at 25-28 weeks gestation.

United States, Patient outcomes, Comparative analysis, Infants, Positive pressure respiration, Intubation, Clinical report

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