Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for toxic shock syndrome

Article Abstract:

Intravenous immunoglobulin may be an effective treatment for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, or toxic scarlet fever. A 32-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital with a sore throat, nausea and vomiting, fever and a rash over most of her body. Her blood pressure was 88/60. Intravenous fluids did not raise her blood pressure and she developed edema, or generalized swelling all over her body. A chest X-ray showed fluid in her lungs. The bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from her throat and vagina. She continued to deteriorate despite antibiotic treatment. She was given an infusion of 18 grams of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, brand name Sandoglobulin) over six hours, and her condition improved dramatically within 12 hours. She was discharged a week after she had been admitted. Streptococcus pyogenes produces a toxin similar to the one that causes staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Care and treatment, Toxic shock syndrome, Scarlet fever

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Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV-infected children with CD4+ counts of 0.20 x 10 to the ninth power/L or more: effect on viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections

Article Abstract:

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions could prevent bacterial and viral infections in HIV-infected children who have moderate immune function. Of 313 HIV-positive children with at least 200 CD4 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter, 161 were infused with 400 milligrams of IVIG per kilogram every 28 days, and 152 received a placebo, or inactive substance. IVIG treatment significantly reduced the number of moderate and serious bacterial infections as well as the number of viral infections compared to the placebo. Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced by B cells that normally protect people from infections. However, HIV infection reduces the number of B cells, which could cause serious opportunistic infections in children. IVIG could be given concurrently to HIV-infected children who are taking other drugs for HIV infection, such as zidovudine (AZT).

Drug therapy, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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