Investigation of the anti-inflammatory properties of hydroxypyridinones
Article Abstract:
Deposits of iron inside the membranes enclosing the joints may be found in diseases like rheumatism and may result in production of oxygen free radicals, which are highly reactive fragments of an oxygen atom that damage body tissues. These free radicals can be disposed of by treating the patient with compounds that bond to and remove this iron. Various types of iron chelating agent have been tested for their ability to scavenge iron in laboratory glassware, and their effects have been tested in rats. Iron chelating agents are indiscriminate in their action, and generally remove iron even from areas where it is normally stored and required. The best anti-inflammatory effects were achieved with those chelators with the greatest tendency to absorb water and with those that bonded most strongly to iron. Their effectiveness depended on the dose. Whether the dose was administered to the patient orally, was injected or was given by some other means also made a significant difference with the weaker chelators. A range of simple iron chelators exist that approach indomethacin in their anti-inflammatory capabilities when used in testing rats.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1989
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Electron spin resonance spectroscopic demonstration of the generation of reactive oxygen species by diseased human synovial tissue following ex vivo hypoxia-reoxygenation
Article Abstract:
Some of the injury in inflamed joints appears to be caused by the production of reactive oxidation species produced when the tissue undergoes cycles of lack of oxygen and reoxygenation such as happens during exercise. Samples of tissue from the knee joint were obtained during surgery on 24 patients of whom 15 had osteoarthritis and 9 had rheumatoid arthritis. The joint lining samples were evaluated for degree of inflammation, suspended in a bath and either subjected to 120 minutes of lack of oxygen induced by bubbling through 95% nitrogen 5% carbon dioxide or a 60-minute period of lack of oxygen followed by 60 minutes of reoxygenation by bubbling through air. The quantity of reactive oxydation species was measured. Amounts rose after reoxygenation and the amount correlated with the degree of tissue inflammation. The cells lining the joint appear to be the likely source because enzyme inhibitors of an enzyme produced by these cells that fosters the production of reactive oxygen species inhibited the response.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1995
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Why are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs so variable in their efficacy? A description of ion trapping
Article Abstract:
The variable effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be caused by ion trapping. NSAIDs are used to treat patients with different inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Acidic NSAIDs may undergo ion trapping in acidotic tissue, or tissue with an acidic pH. Ion trapping may explain both their effectiveness in treating inflammatory disorders and the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients treated with NSAIDs. Tissue acidosis is characteristic of inflammatory joint disease but may vary depending certain factors. Increased levels of prostaglandins are found in the inflamed tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Prostaglandins are physiological substances that are derived from arachidonic acid. NSAIDS may enter inflamed cells through ion trapping.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1993
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- Abstracts: Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes among white and black women
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