Epidemiological approaches to the immunogenetics of autoimmune rheumatic disease

Article Abstract:

Genetic epidemiology may be used to examine the role of genetic factors in the development of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are examples of autoimmune rheumatic disease. The incidence of certain autoimmune rheumatic diseases is high among members of some families. The increased incidence of these diseases may be associated with inheritance of specific antigens of the HLA system. The HLA system is a group of antigens that are genetically linked. The case control approach involves examining the association between exposure to certain genetic markers in individuals with an autoimmune rheumatic disease. Another approach is the family study. The family study involves the examination of different genetic factors within individual families with a high incidence of an autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Demographic aspects, Autoimmune diseases, Rheumatic diseases

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Obstetric and gynaecological factors in susceptibility to peripheral joint osteoarthritis

Article Abstract:

Female sex hormones likely play a role in the development of osteoarthritis. Studies consistently show a rise in occurrence of osteoarthritis around the time of menopause. The role of sex hormones is plausible in that sex hormones have been shown to affect cartilage metabolism. However, no associations have been found between age at onset of menstruation, age at onset of menopause, or hysterectomy and eventual development of osteoarthritis, although having children may provide a small protective effect. Still, there is as yet no means of identifying women at high risk.

Health aspects, Women, Risk factors, Osteoarthritis, Women's health, Hormones, Sex, Sex hormones

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