Isotonic high-sodium oral rehydration solution for increasing sodium absorption in patients with short-bowel syndrome

Article Abstract:

Short bowel syndrome is the inadequate absorption of ingested food due to the surgical removal or bypass of a large portion of the intestines. Jejunostomy is a procedure in which the jejunum (a portion of the small intestine) is connected to an artificial opening on the side of the body through which the intestinal contents pass. These jejunostomy patients are unable to maintain a normal fluid and electrolyte balance because of lost capacity to absorb in other portions of the intestine. When more than two to three liters of fluid is lost each day through the jejunostomy, the patient typically requires intravenously administered fluid replacement. The presence of glucose in the intestine increases the absorption of sodium and fluid, and glucose-containing solutions have been used to treat fluid losses in cholera. Solutions that increase absorption of fluid and sodium from the intestine are referred to as oral rehydration solutions (ORSs). A sodium level of 90 millimoles per liter in ORSs was shown to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in infants with diarrhea due to infection. However, patients with jejunostomy require much higher amounts of sodium to maintain sodium and fluid balance. The polymeric form of glucose allows for use of greater sodium concentrations in ORS than the standard glucose-containing ORS. The effects of standard ORS and high-sodium polymeric-glucose ORS on sodium absorption were assessed in six patients with jejunostomy. The results showed that the absorption of sodium was greater for patients given the high-sodium polymeric-glucose ORS as compared with that of patients receiving the standard ORS. These findings indicate that the replacement of glucose with polymeric glucose and the addition of sodium to the standard ORS increases sodium absorption in patients with short-bowel syndrome. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Methods, Measurement, Malabsorption syndromes, Intestinal absorption, Oral rehydration therapy, Body fluid disorders, Sodium in the body, Sodium (Nutrient), Jejunostomy

---

Factors of weight loss in patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea

Article Abstract:

Weight loss in HIV patients with chronic diarrhea appears associated with insufficient caloric intake and high bowel-movement frequency, rather than malabsorption of nutrients. Researchers evaluated 116 patients with nutrition and elimination questionnaires and comprehensive medical examinations. Infection with pathogenic organisms caused 13-22% of diarrhea cases, and 45% of patients had diarrhea of undetermined cause. Weight loss in these patients was not significantly associated with a failure to absorb nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of, Food and nutrition, HIV patients, Diarrhea, Wasting syndrome

---

Definition and diagnosis of cytomegalovirus colitis in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus

Article Abstract:

Only HIV-infected patients who have evidence of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) lesions on colonoscopy should receive drug therapy for CMV colitis. CMV colitis is an inflammation of the colon resulting from CMV infection. Of 100 HIV-infected patients evaluated with colonoscopy for diarrhea, 29 had evidence of lesions and 71 had no evidence of lesions. Eleven of the 12 patients with CMV infection but no lesions never began drug therapy and their outcome was not significantly worse than the outcome of patients without CMV infection.

Diagnosis, Colonoscopy, Cytomegalovirus infections, Colitis

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer
• Abstracts: Infant mortality receiving increasing attention. Coping with violence epidemic. CDC's hot line: 'America responds to AIDS'
• Abstracts: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Neutrophil function in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: relation to infection propensity
• Abstracts: The association of skin color with blood pressure in US blacks with low socioeconomic status. The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks: a population-based study of potential explanatory factors
• Abstracts: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in panic disorder and attacks

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.