Levels of rifampin and ciprofloxacin in nasal secretions: correlation with MIC90 and eradication of nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria

Article Abstract:

The nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is commonly known to exist and precede invasive disease. The relation between the carrier state, invasive disease, and contagion suggests the need to eliminate the carrier state and interrupt the cycle of transmission of the associated diseases. Toward this end, investigations were designed to develop means of measuring concentrations of antibiotics in nasal secretions, determine concentrations of rifampin and ciprofloxacin in serum, saliva, and nasal secretions, and correlate the data with the MIC90 (90 percent of the minimal inhibitory concentration) of these drugs for Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and MRSA. Five healthy individuals received a single, daily oral dose of 600 milligrams (mg) of rifampin for 4 days, followed in 3 months by 750 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 hours for 2 days. Serum, saliva, and nasal secretions were collected 2, 5, and 8 hours after the last dose of each antibiotic. Antibiotic levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Rifampin was detected variously, in each of the subjects, after each interval of collection. Ciprofloxacin levels in nasal secretions were detected, but at lower levels than rifampin. The levels of rifampin and ciprofloxacin varied from above to below the MIC90 of the test organisms. The results indicate that effective inhibitory concentrations were achieved in nasal secretions. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Bacteria, Host-bacteria relationships, Nasopharynx, Rifampin, Carrier state (Communicable diseases)

---

Successful treatment of malignant external otitis with oral ciprofloxacin: report of experience with 23 patients

Article Abstract:

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is severe infection of the outside canal of the ear that is usually caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can be a debilitating, painful and even a life-threatening condition in chronically ill patients. MEO typically affects elderly diabetics living in humid climates. Conventional therapy, which involves six to eight weeks of costly intravenous antibiotics (a combination of beta-lactam and aminoglycosides), is not well tolerated and requires prolonged hospital stays. To see if MEO can be treated successfully with oral ciprofloxacin, 23 patients received 1.5 to 2.25 grams per day for six weeks. Antibiotic treatment was given in conjunction with surgical debridement, a process of removing infected and dead tissue. A cure was achieved in 21 patients completing the entire protocol. One patient had an incomplete response after taking ciprofloxacin for 42 days. One 88-year-old patient developed complications after ear swelling improved and died of unrelated kidney complications. Side effects experienced by three patients were restlessness and headache, constipation, nausea and vertigo. None of the patients experiencing side effects stopped taking the medication. Since the conventional therapy can be debilitating to elderly chronically ill patients, the oral regimen appears to be a safe, effective and convenient treatment alternative for malignant external otitis. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Evaluation, Drug therapy, Otitis externa

---

Otitis media in infancy and intellectual ability, school achievement, speech, and language at age 7 years

Article Abstract:

Otitis media with effusion (inflammation of the middle ear) is common in infants and children. Almost all children will have a case of middle ear disease (MEE) at some time during their first 10 years of life. MEE has been associated with conductive hearing loss, although the severity of the hearing loss may be quite variable among affected children. It is possible that hearing impairment may affect the development of language, speech, or cognitive abilities, especially in children who have persistent or recurrent MEE. To test this hypothesis further, 498 children who had MEE during the first few years of life were observed until they reached 7 years of age. At that time, 207 children were tested for language, speech and intellectual ability; data were evaluated for 194 children. Lower test scores on cognitive ability, speech and language development, and school performance were related to the duration of MEE. In addition, the duration of MEE was related to lower IQ scores and verbal skills. Scores on the Metropolitan Achievement test were significantly lower in mathematics and reading for children who had MEE at some time during the first three years of life. No relation was found between test scores and the occurrence of MEE after three years of age. The authors recommend that effective intervention be pursued to prevent MEE in infancy. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Children, Demographic aspects, Otitis media with effusion, Cognition in children, Cognitive development, Intelligence tests

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced locoregional and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Complete remission of refractory small cell carcinoma of the pancreas with cisplatin and etoposide
• Abstracts: Rectal cell proliferation and colorectal cancer risk level in patients with nonfamilial adenomatous polyps of the large bowel
• Abstracts: The effects of estrogen, progesterone, and tamoxifen alone and in combination with cytotoxic agents against human ovarian carcinoma in vitro
• Abstracts: Acute HIV infection presenting with painful swallowing and esophageal ulcers. Advances in early diagnosis of perinatal HIV infection
• Abstracts: Acute appendicitis in patients with AIDS/HIV infection. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.