Mechanism for human papillomavirus transmission at birth

Article Abstract:

Some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with pre-cancer and cancer of the cervix. Sexual contact with infected persons is the usual method of transmission when the disease is found on the cervix. HPV infections are also found on the larynx (voice box), producing a benign growth which can cause hoarseness when large, and which may require surgical removal. The mechanism of transmission to the newborn is unknown. Pregnant women were screened for the presence of a cervical HPV infection; 25 out of 45 screened tested positive. Oral cavity fluid removed from 45 newborns after delivery revealed 15 positive laryngeal HPV infections. When possible, a sample of amniotic fluid (fluid surrounding the fetus) was obtained after artificial rupture of membranes during delivery. Only two of the 13 samples had detectable HPV in the amniotic fluid. This provides evidence that transmission of the virus from the mother to the fetus is possible. Positive HPV infections found in infant oral cavity fluid can aid in early management of infected infants.

Physiological aspects, Virus diseases, Disease transmission, Papillomavirus infections, Cervix diseases

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Is the 15-in situ clone protocol necessary to detect amniotic fluid mosaicism?

Article Abstract:

An abbreviated laboratory test for mosaicism may decrease costs and analysis time while remaining almost as accurate as the standard test. Researchers analyzed 28,497 samples of amniotic fluid for mosaicism, a rare chromosome abnormality resulting in birth defects, by examining cells from 15 laboratory-cloned cell groups. Almost 80% of the 72 mosaic fluid samples were detected after cells from five clones were examined. The detection rate increased to 93% when 10 clones were examined, and to 97% when all 15 clones were analyzed. Limiting analysis to five or six clones may result in missing one case of mosaicism per 3000 samples while reducing laboratory analysis time by 15%.

Mosaicism

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Is fluorescence polarization reliable and cost efficient in a fetal lung maturity cascade?

Article Abstract:

The TDxFLM test appears to be an accurate and cost-effective alternative to the first portion of the conventional test used to evaluate amniotic fluid samples for lung maturity. One hundred eight amniotic fluid samples were obtained within 72 hours of birth and analyzed using the TDxFLM and conventional testing methods. Results of the TDxFLM test identified 85 mature lungs while conventional testing identified 87 mature lungs. Using the TDxFLM test as an initial screening test would have saved 24% in laboratory costs.

Methods, Fetal monitoring, Respiratory distress syndrome, Prenatal diagnosis

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