Mucosal immunity induced by enhanced-potency inactivated and oral polio vaccines

Article Abstract:

Vaccination is an important way that medicine has met the challenge of protecting man and animals from contagious diseases. A vaccine is usually developed from the disease it is intended to provide protection against, and it is often given in the form of an injection. Polio is an example of a disease that became virtually unknown in the United States after the development of a vaccine. A problem with many vaccines is that there is a risk that the vaccine will infect the recipient with the very disease it is meant to prevent. In 1977 the Committee for the Study of Poliomyelitis Vaccines of the National Academy of Sciences reviewed the polio vaccination policy in the US. They recommended that oral polio vaccine (OPV) continue to be the vaccine of choice. An advantage of OPV, as cited by the Committee, is its ability to protect the human intestine from polio infection, thereby limiting the potential spread of polio by feces (stools). (Polio is commonly spread in the community by contaminated fecal material). Recent developments have included the development of an enhanced-potency inactivated polio vaccine (E-IPV) that poses no threat of spreading the disease. Blood tests have indicated that it provides a stronger level immunity than OPV. This suggests that E-IPV may be a more effective vaccine for preventing the spread of polio in the community. To evaluate the most effective, and safest method of inducing immunity against polio, children were randomly assigned to groups and immunized with E-IPV and/or OPV. While E-IPV tended to produce higher levels of antibody in the blood, as expected, it was found that OPV produced an antibody that was more effective in eliminating traces of polio from feces. These results replicated previous findings, and demonstrated that OPV is a more effective vaccine for preventing the spread of polio in the community. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Prevention, Complications and side effects, Poliomyelitis, Disease transmission, Poliovirus, Polioviruses

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Parental knowledge and choice regarding live and inactivated poliovirus vaccines

Article Abstract:

Most parents may prefer poliovirus vaccine injections over oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for their children because they believe it is safer. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) requires an injection, but eliminates a very small risk of paralytic poliomyelitis from the live virus oral vaccine. Researchers surveyed 240 parents of young children in Baltimore, MD. Most were not aware there are two vaccines available. Parents were sensitive to the number of injections their children had to endure, but 76% preferred the IPV injection to eliminate any risk of poliomyelitis.

Methods, Children, Vaccination of children, Vaccination, Public opinion, Poliomyelitis vaccine, Poliovirus vaccines

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