Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer

Article Abstract:

Metastatic prostate cancer that does not respond to androgen ablation may contain mutations of the androgen receptor gene. Androgen ablation involves reducing blood levels of male hormones called androgens, which can stimulate the tumor. This stimulation occurs when androgens bind to the androgen receptor on the surface of prostate cells. Researchers took bone marrow samples from 10 men whose prostate cancer had spread to the bone marrow and analyzed the androgen receptor gene using the polymerase chain reaction. All of the men had relapsed after treatment with androgen ablation. Four of the samples contained evidence of androgen receptor synthesis, while none of the bone marrow samples from men in remission after androgen ablation were synthesizing androgen receptors. Five of the men in relapse had a mutation in the part of the androgen receptor that binds hormone. In two men, the receptor was stimulated by the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. The normal androgen receptor is not strongly stimulated by these hormones.

Physiological aspects, Prostate cancer, Cancer metastasis, Cell receptors, Androgens

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Hodgkin's disease, lymphomatoid papulosis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma derived from a common T-cell clone

Article Abstract:

Lymphomatoid papulosis, Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may arise from the same T-cell, or cell of the immune system. Lymphomatoid papulosis is a non-cancerous skin disease that occurs in 10 to 20% of patients who develop Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A analysis was done of the alpha-chain gene of T-cells from a patient who developed lymphomatoid papulosis, Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Changes in this gene of T-cells from tissue affected by lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin's disease were identical to those seen in the same gene of T-cells from tissue affected by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This type of change in the alpha-chain gene did not occur in T-cells taken from normal tissue. Lymphomatoid papulosis, Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma all involve abnormal cells that may be derived from T-cells. A single T-cell with changes in the alpha-chain gene may have caused all three diseases at different times in the patient's life.

Hodgkin's disease, T cell antigen receptors, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, T cells

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Structural genomic variation and personalized medicine

Article Abstract:

The need for an individual's genetic-variation profile in being able to diagnose personalized medicine is discussed. Research is ongoing to identify genetic differences among persons and correlate specific genetic features with the risk of different diseases.

United States, Science & research, Research, Genetic disorders, Genomics, Human genome

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