Natural killer cell immunodeficiency in HIV disease is manifest by profoundly decreased numbers of CD16+ CD56+ cells and expansion of a population of CD16(dim)CD56- cells with low lytic activity

Article Abstract:

HIV infection may be associated with changes in the numbers of different types of natural killer (NK) cells. Different NK cells are classified by the antigens they express on their surfaces, such as CD16 and CD56. Researchers analyzed NK cells from the blood of 399 HIV-positive people and 255 HIV-negative people. The number of CD16+CD56+ NK cells was lower in the HIV-infected people than in the HIV-negative people. Furthermore, the number of these NK cells decreased with decreasing CD4+ cell numbers. However, the number of CD16+CD56+ cells in HIV-positive participants was not significantly related to the duration of infection, antiviral treatment, or progression to AIDS. The number of CD16+CD56- cells was higher among HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants, though CD16 expression was partly diminished on the cells from HIV-positive participants. CD16+CD56- cells were less active against target cells than were CD16+CD56+ cells.

Measurement, Physiological aspects, Killer cells

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Factors associated with survival following secondary AIDS: 1988 to 1995

Article Abstract:

Diagnosis of a second AIDS-defining disease in the course of HIV infection is associated with an average survival of only 10 months. AIDS is the development of opportunistic infections and other complications of HIV infection, such as Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Researchers studied 609 AIDS patients between 1988 and 1995. Those diagnosed later in the study survived longer because they were more likely to have taken effective HIV drugs. Patients were twice as likely to die in 3 months when diagnosed with PCP compared to KS as a secondary AIDS condition.

Complications and side effects, Prognosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, AIDS (Disease), Kaposi's sarcoma

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Acute HIV syndrome after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in a patient treated before seroconversion

Article Abstract:

The case of a man who developed a second acute HIV infection after he discontinued treatment has important implications for vaccine development. The 38-year-old gay man went to a doctor five days after a viral illness began. An HIV antibody test was negative but a test for HIV RNA was positive. He began taking AIDS drugs but stopped six months later. His HIV blood levels had declined during treatment but rebounded when he stopped treatment and he developed a second acute viral illness. A brief exposure to viral antigens may not be enough to stimulate an immune response.

Case studies

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