New developments in the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma

Article Abstract:

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilage tissue; osteosarcoma is a malignant growth of tumors in bones. Chondrosarcoma can been distinguished from osteosarcoma based on anatomical location and patient age, and prognosis is more favorable for chondrosarcoma than osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is one of the most common forms of bone tumor and occurs mainly in the ends of long bones. Chondrosarcoma can occur in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones. Chondrosarcoma is generally seen in older patients, while osteosarcoma is more common in individuals between the ages of 10 and 25. Even though these features allow a distinction to be made between these two type of tumors, chondrosarcoma is still difficult to diagnose. Biopsy samples and X-rays are routinely used for making the diagnosis. Newer methods of diagnosis focus on the use of DNA (genetic material) analysis. Studies have shown that tumors are more likely to be benign if they contain the normal number of chromosomes (diploid), and that malignant tumors tend to contain an abnormal number (aneuploid) of chromosomes. Also, a recent study indicated that the rate of survival is greater for patients with diploid tumors than for patients with aneuploid tumors. Other new techniques have been developed that use antibodies (specialized proteins) that can determine how fast cells grow. This is useful because tumor cells usually grow at a much faster rate than normal cells. These new methods will be useful for diagnosing malignant and benign tumors in cartilage and bone. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Osteosarcoma, editorial, Bone tumors, Chondrosarcoma

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Diagnostic accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis of anal human papillomavirus infection compared with DNA hybridization studies

Article Abstract:

The combined use of anoscopy, cytology and molecular hybridization assays provides the best chance of diagnosing anal papillomavirus infection in high-risk individuals. Anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus infections and though the incidence of the is low, it is increasing. Because of this rise, diagnostic techniques for similar cancers are being adapted for use in treating anal cancer despite some difficulties in the adaptation. Screening for cervical cancer is most often done with a Papanicolaou test (Pap smear). However, this procedure is not as effective in detecting cervical papillomavirus infections. A comparison between cytological evaluation and the more sensitive molecular hybridization assay found that 20% of 41 anal smears yielded false negative results. An infection that was not detected through the smear or examination with an anoscope was detected in 10.5% of cases using molecular hybridization.

Evaluation, Papillomaviruses, Papillomavirus, Nucleic acid probes, Anal cancer, Cytodiagnosis

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Psychiatric diagnosis and the market

Article Abstract:

Psychiatry in the U.S. is best with financial problems due to marketing factors. The profession does not agree with capitalist rules and it should search for more diagnosable entities to improve its market. A control of the classification of mental disease will also help maintain the profession's market dominance. Economic and social factors may influence psychiatry to assume capitalist characteristics.

Analysis, Marketing, Capitalism, Psychiatry

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