Oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise before, during, and after pregnancy

Article Abstract:

During pregnancy the body adapts to the increased demands on the heart, circulation and metabolism. Similar adaptations, which are produced by endurance training, may explain why world class athletes perform better and are more exercise efficient during pregnancy. Studies have shown that non-weight-bearing exercise, such as a stationary bicycle, does not affect exercise efficiency and weight-bearing exercise efficiency, such as a treadmill, if body weight increases. To see if the need for oxygen increases during weight-bearing exercise, as a pregnant woman gains weight, 18 nonprofessional recreational athletes were studied. While pregnant women were exercising on treadmills, oxygen consumption was measured every six to eight weeks. Half the women maintained an intense exercise program while the other half discontinued regular exercise. Oxygen consumption increased by six to 15 percent in both groups in the early part of pregnancy. The women who continued to exercise had oxygen requirements below that measure before pregnancy. In the women discontinuing regular exercise, oxygen consumption increased steadily at two percent per month. The amount of oxygen required during exercise decreased in 16 of the 18 women. The results demonstrate that exercise efficiency is increased throughout pregnancy, particularly in women continuing exercise regimes. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Measurement, Oxygen consumption, Oxygen consumption (Metabolism), Pregnancy, Treadmill exercise tests, Biochemical oxygen demand

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The effects of maternal exercise on early pregnancy outcome

Article Abstract:

Spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, is the natural loss of a pregnancy which occurs in 15 percent of all pregnancies detected by standard methods. If early pregnancy detection methods are included in the assessment a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion is revealed. Although one third of spontaneous abortions are attributed to chromosomal abnormalities, environmental factors and poor hormonal functioning, the remainder are unexplained. To determine whether vigorous aerobic exercise during the early part of pregnancy affects pregnancy outcome, 47 runners, 40 aerobic dancers and 28 physically active women were evaluated. Pregnancy was confirmed by an early pregnancy blood test (beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin) and ultrasound. The tests were performed 40 days after conception. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 19 percent of all the pregnancies; the rate of spontaneous abortion was 17 percent in the runners, 18 percent in the aerobic dancers, and 25 percent in the physically active women. Continued physical activity in healthy women during the early part of pregnancy does not alter pregnancy outcome. The effects of physical activity in pregnant women not previously engaged in an exercise program are unknown. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Analysis, Causes of, Aerobic exercises, Miscarriage, Prenatal influences, Aerobic dancing

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Baroreflex-mediated bradycardia but not tachycardia is blunted peripherally by intravenous mu-opioid agonists

Article Abstract:

The mu-opioid drug DALDA appears to affect heart rate by acting on receptors on the vagus nerve. Researchers measured heart rate in pregnant sheep after injecting drugs that raised or lowered blood pressure and then injecting them with DALDA. DALDA inhibited changes in heart rate following the drug that raised blood pressure but not the drug that lowered blood pressure. This effect was prevented by injecting the sheep with naloxone, which blocks receptors in the central nervous system. This indicates that DALDA affects peripheral nerves, most likely the vagus nerve.

Opioids, Heart beat, Heart rate, Blood pressure

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