Parental attitudes and knowledge of child safety: a national survey

Article Abstract:

Injury is the leading cause of death among children. Their safety and protection from injury are in the hands of adults, usually parents. Strategies for reducing injury-related morbidity and mortality are numerous, and range from simple parental instruction to legislation establishing protective laws and procedures. How much do parents really know about injury prevention and avoidance? A telephone survey was conducted of 404 randomly selected parents, with at least one child 13 years or younger. The survey instrument consisted of about 90 questions. The risk of child kidnapping by strangers was of greater concern than automobile accidents for black parents and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Parents expressed greater concerns about their children getting involved with drugs, contracting AIDS, and not getting a good education. Asked to mention the most frequent causes of accidental death, parents listed automobile accidents, drug and child abuse, poisoning and bicycle injuries. Half of the parents felt that "most children were burned by fires" and made no mention of other causes of fire-related deaths. Most parents suggested that serious injuries and accidents are avoidable or preventable. Parents of higher SES more easily identified accident prevention measures they had taken. The value of safety belts and safety seats was recognized by most parents. Of six types of injury listed, more parents expressed a lack of knowledge as to what to do for pedestrian injuries and drowning, and felt more comfortable with their ability to deal with bleeding and choking. Parental knowledge of the cause of burns, and how to deal with them was a serious deficiency. Parents of lower SES generally minimized or underestimated risks of childhood injuries. Many felt that the use of cautionary warnings and vigilance were adequate intervention efforts. Since parents of children usually look to their physicians and health professionals for leadership in safety and accident treatment information, safety literature, programs and other efforts should include these persons in information efforts directed at parents. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Social aspects, Prevention, Surveys, First aid in illness and injury, First aid, Parents, Children's accidents

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Ultra-high speed teleradiology with ISDN technology

Article Abstract:

Transmission of radiologic images via standard telephone lines is an effective means of connecting two remote imaging sites in order to facilitate review and consultation of a case. Teleradiology (TR) permits personal computer-like terminals to send, receive, and review a radiologic image by more than two people at several different locations. Slow, expensive, and inaccurate transmission rates have hindered the effectiveness and use of TR. TR systems may be linked to satellite communications networks in order to effect faster transmission times, but these systems involve the use of ground stations at a cost in excess of $50,000 and charges for data transmission of about one dollar per image. Modems are one of the devices that limit transmission speed and raise the cost of transmitting images in a TR network. Researchers have attempted to overcome the limitations of modems in TR applications by devising a digital network, integrated services digital network (ISDN), as a telecommunications standard for all long-distance phone carriers in the U.S. The fastest personal computer modems available transmit at rate of about 10,000 bits per second. ISDN would permit high-speed telecommunications of images, resulting in images of 1,024 by 1,024 pixels (picture elements, the smallest unit of which an image is made), at a rate of 56,000 bits per second with nearly perfect accuracy according to researchers experimenting with this technology. In trials, images were successfully transmitted in 93 percent of attempts; phone line errors required retransmission of only seven percent of typical computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, or nuclear medicine images. A typical 1,024 by 1,024 image was digitally formatted (converted into binary computer code), digitally compressed, transmitted, and received in less than two minutes.

Research, Usage, Evaluation, Telephone, Telephony, X-rays, Communication in medicine, Medical communication, Diagnosis, Radioscopic, Radioscopic diagnosis

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