Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection

Article Abstract:

New research into the mechanism of infection by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae may lead to more effective treatments. Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause pneumonia, otitis media, infectious arthritis and meningitis. Research indicates that several components of the outer surface of the bacterial cell are responsible for the symptoms that occur during infection. In particular, the cell wall is capable of producing an inflammatory response. The capsule that surrounds the cell wall can protect the bacterium from attack by white blood cells. Normally, the bacteria enter the lungs from the nasal mucosa and damage the skin lining the lung. Fluid enters the lung, causing edema. Eventually, white blood cells will destroy the bacteria, but this causes a release of cell wall components, which can cause greater inflammation. This explains why patients can die despite antibiotic treatment that kills the bacteria.

Bacterial cell walls, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, Pneumococcal pneumonia

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Intracellular pathogenesis of listeriosis

Article Abstract:

Listeriosis is caused by infection with Listeria monocytogenes and is increasingly common in the elderly and people with weakened immune systems. The bacteria can assemble and lengthen actin filaments into a tail which the bacteria then uses to propel themselves from cell to cell. This cell-to-cell movement helps the bacteria avoid the threat of immunoglobulins and thrive in hosts whose cell-mediated immune responses are impaired. This movement also helps explain why the bacteria can infect the gastrointestinal tract without breaking it down and forming lesions. The movement within and between cells also explains the bacterium's resistance to antibiotics and its ability to invade the cerebral cortex and the placenta and fetus in a mother with a blood infection.

Listeria monocytogenes, Listeriosis

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The pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock

Article Abstract:

Vasodilatory shock occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate, which causes low blood pressure and an inadequate blood supply to organs. This type of shock is most often caused by infection.

Causes of, Shock

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