Plasma adenosine deaminase2: a marker for human immunodeficiency virus infection

Article Abstract:

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that breaks down the compounds adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine, which can be toxic to cells of the immune system if they accumulate in large concentrations. There are two distinct forms of ADA, adenosine deaminase1 (ADA1) and adenosine deaminase2 (ADA2). Activity of ADA2 has been shown to be increased in individuals in all stages of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, which causes AIDS). Because the increase is seen in all stages of infection, this enzyme may potentially be an important laboratory marker for indicating HIV infection. The increase of ADA2 in HIV-infected individuals was confirmed using a sensitive assay which distinguishes the two forms of the enzyme. There was an increase in the level of ADA2 in 100 percent of the 22 HIV-infected patients examined. Levels were not elevated in 16 healthy controls or 6 subjects who were not infected with HIV, but had risks factors for HIV infection. There was no correlation between levels of ADA2 and the stage of disease, as determined by clinical symptoms or the number of helper T cells (which is used to determine the stage of infection). This data suggest that ADA2 can be used as a laboratory marker that would indicate infection with HIV, including infection at an early stage. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Diagnosis, Measurement, Adenosine deaminase

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Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in the Philippines, 1985 to 1997: transmission of subtypes B and E and potential emergence of subtypes C and F

Article Abstract:

HIV subtype E is becoming the dominant strain of the infection in the Philippines. Researchers examined specimens collected from 54 Filipinos, and found that subtype B was present in 70% of infections. Diagnosis of HIV since 1993 indicated infection with subtype E in 29% of patients, subtype F in 8% of patients, and subtype C in 5% of patients. Since 1990, 60% of infections among female sex workers were of subtype E. Evaluation of the viral types transmitted can indicate probable sources of infection. Many infections before 1992 occurred among sex workers and US military personnel.

Health aspects, HIV (Viruses), HIV, Disease transmission, Philippines

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Reasons for modification of genetic highly active antiretroviral therapeutic regimens among patients in southern India

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to explore the reasons behind the modification and discontinuation of antiretroviral regimens among the HIV-infected patients in southern India, with respect to its adverse events (AE) and high cost. The most common reason for modifying therapy was the occurrence of AEs, whereas cost was the most common reason for discontinuing therapy.

India, Care and treatment, Patient outcomes, Drug therapy, HIV patients, Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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