Poliovirus vaccination responses in HIV-infected patients: correlation with T4 cell counts

Article Abstract:

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are lacking in the ability to fight off infection and thus at risk of developing an opportunistic infection. HIV impairs both cellular (cell) and humoral (antibody) immunity. Also, HIV infection impairs the ability of the immune system to respond to vaccines. Studies have shown that the immune response to hepatitis B virus vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharides is impaired in patients with HIV. In 1988 there was an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Israel. This resulted in the development of a program to immunize the entire population, including patients with HIV. The HIV patients were given an enhanced inactivated polio vaccine (eIPV) to protect against poliovirus (PV). In order to determine the effect of vaccination in HIV patients, the level of immunity to PV was determined in HIV patients before and after vaccination. Twenty homosexual men from the Tel Aviv Medical Center participated in the study. Seventeen were positive for HIV. Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination and tested for PV antibodies. HIV patients were divided into separate groups based on the number of T cells (cells that stimulate antibody production) present in their blood. The patients with the lowest levels of T cells did not produce antibody to PV following the vaccine. Seventy-one percent of the HIV patients had high enough circulating levels of T cells in their blood to produce and antibody response to the PV vaccine. It is concluded that, if possible, vaccination in HIV patients should be performed at an early stage during HIV infection while the T cell count is high enough to allow an antibody response to the vaccine. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Israel, Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus, Polioviruses, Poliomyelitis vaccine, Poliovirus vaccines

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Increased intracellular macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta correlates with advanced HIV disease

Article Abstract:

A high level of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP1B) in HIV infection appears to be associated with advanced disease. MIP1B and other chemokines inhibit HIV entry into cells in the laboratory. Researchers measured MIP1B levels in the cells of 21 untreated HIV patients and 23 healthy volunteers, and found that high intracellular MIP1B levels were often associated with high HIV viral loads and low CD4+ white blood cell levels in the blood, indicating more advanced HIV infection.

Development and progression, Macrophages

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Increased intracellular accumulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta and its decreased secretion correlate with advanced HIV disease

Article Abstract:

HIV appears to disrupt the secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP1beta). MIP1beta belongs to a class of immune system chemicals called chemokines. Researchers measured the levels of MIP1beta in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes taken from 21 untreated HIV patients and 23 healthy volunteers. As CD4 counts dropped and viral levels rose in the HIV patients, the level of MIP1beta inside the lymphocytes increased and the level outside the cells decreased.

HIV (Viruses), HIV

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