Production of prostaglandin E2 induced by histamine by cloned rheumatoid synovial cells

Article Abstract:

The synovial membrane, which lines the joint, is thought to be a site of long-term inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory joint disease. Cells from the synovial membranes of RA patients release large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a biologically active fatty acid. PGE2 may be involved in the destruction of cartilage tissue and changes in the immune system. Certain factors that increase inflammation, such as interleukin-1 and histamine, also increase the production of PGE2. Mast cells, which release histamine and macrophages, cells that digest particles, were shown to accumulate at sites of cartilage damage and the synovial membrane in the joints of patients with RA. It is not clear which type of synovial cells produce PGE2. Synovial cells were cloned to form three types of cells: fibroblasts, dendritic, and macrophage-like cells. The histamine-activated production of PGE2 by these three types of rheumatoid synovial cells was assessed. Histamine activation of PGE2 production was greatest in macrophage-like synovial cells, intermediate in dendritic cells, and lowest in fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that the histamine-activated production of PGE2 may be involved in the bony destruction of joints in RA. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Inflammation, Prostaglandins, Inflammation mediators, Histamine

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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist production in cultured synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Article Abstract:

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) appears to be found in lesser amounts in the joint lining cells of rheumatic arthritis (RA) patients compared with osteoarthritis (OA) patients. IL-1ra blocks the effects of interleukin-1 in stimulating inflammatory response. Joint lining specimens were taken from 10 RA patients and 8 OA patients having knee joint replacement surgery. Membranes from RA patients were stained and examined under the microscope. Cells from both groups of patients were cultured and the fluid assayed for IL-1ra. Cells from RA patients produced 20% to 40% of the amount of IL-1ra found in cells from OA patients. Cells from RA patients showing more proliferative growth of joint lining cells had 28% the amount of IL-1ra compared with patients with lesser amounts of proliferative growth. Reduced amounts of IL-1ra appears to contribute to the persistence of joint inflammation in RA patients.

Osteoarthritis, Insurance, Interleukin-1

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Presence of foam cells containing oxidised low density lipoprotein in the synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Article Abstract:

Foam cells that contain oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) may be present in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a inflammatory disease that affects the joints. The synovial membrane lines the inside of the joint cavity. Researchers examined the presence of foam cells with oxidized LDL in synovial membrane specimens from RA patients and patients without RA who had had knee injuries. Macrophages with the characteristics of foam cells were found in close proximity to blood vessels in the specimens from RA patients. Scattered foam cells were also found in conjunction with deposits of fibrin. Foam cells were not found in the specimens from patients without RA. The development and progression of RA may have certain similarities to that of atherosclerosis. Foam cells may play an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Low density lipoproteins

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