Prostate: MR imaging with an endorectal surface coil

Article Abstract:

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies conducted in this research used an endorectal surface coil to obtain high-resolution MR images of the prostate. MR surface coils are devices that are widely used in MR imaging procedures to improve the image quality. For the surface coil to be used effectively, it must be placed close to the area of interest that will be imaged. This has limited the use of surface coils to imaging structures close to the surface of the body. More recently there has been interest in imaging internal structures with a coil placed within body cavities. The prostate, due to its proximity to the rectum, is ideally suited for imaging with an endorectal surface coil. The endorectal probe consists of a receiver coil mounted on the inner surface of a specially designed balloon. The balloon-based probe is flexible for easy insertion; once it is placed, it is inflated with air to seat and expand the coil. This coil allowed for distinctions to be made between diseases extending outside the prostate: this is important in the planning of surgery and therapy. Before widespread use is permitted, several technical issues, such as tuning, motion artifacts and positioning, need to be addressed. Further work must be done to understand the anatomic correlates of the normal and abnormal structures seen in the surface coil images. When the anatomy seen in the surface coil images is understood, an evaluation of clinical efficacy can be performed. In conclusion, it appears that imaging with an endorectal surface coil may be an extremely powerful way to evaluate the prostate.

Equipment and supplies

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Imaging of renal trauma

Article Abstract:

There are several ways to diagnose kidney problems using diagnostic imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scanning. Because the kidneys can be injured or impaired for many reasons it is difficult to create a standard policy for imaging. Each case presents a unique set of factors. Urography is a technique that is easy to use and is often the first imaging technique chosen for kidney evaluation. CT scanning provides clear images and has many advantages over excretory urography. CT scanning is particularly reliable for identifying and locating the extent of kidney lacerations and identifying occluded blood vessels in the kidney. Additional important kidney imaging methods are: arteriography, ultrasound, nuclear medicine imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging considerations are based on treatment needs, medical differences among patients and physician preference. Radiologists believe that CT scanning is the most effective means of examining impaired kidneys. MRI is an exciting imaging technique, but its uses in kidney imaging are not fully defined.

Evaluation, Kidneys, Kidney, Medical imaging equipment

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Prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlation of high-resolution MR and histopathologic findings

Article Abstract:

A study was done to correlate the magnetic resonance image of 24 surgical specimens obtained during prostate surgery with their microscopic images. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses very strong magnetic fields to induce changes in the atomic structure of the tissue being studied. This tissue is simultaneously measured and computer displayed as anatomic detail. Studies of this kind are required to establish confidence in the efficacy of a new method to detect normal structure and disease. Cancer appeared in 14 cases and all such samples had a consistent appearance. Cancerous areas were of decreased MRI signal strength, and ten of the cases had clear borders or margins. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (a very common, non-cancerous prostatic growth associated with increasing age) was found in ten cases. Although its appearance by MRI was highly variable, with experience a diagnostic pattern could be discerned. Areas of mixed hyperplasia and cancer were imaged as similar in appearance to those with only cancer.

Case studies, Diagnosis, Surgery, Prostatectomy, Hyperplasia, Prostatic hyperplasia

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