Publicly funded HIV counseling and testing - United States, 1990

Article Abstract:

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have instituted a national program for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, consisting of counseling and testing services. HIV is the causative agent of HIV infection and AIDS, and a positive HIV antibody test indicates HIV infection. Every three months, each of the 65 centers reports the amount of activity at the center, specifically, the number of HIV antibody tests performed, and the number of positive tests by age, sex and race or ethnic group. During 1990 the centers performed over 1.3 million HIV antibody tests, of which 3.7 percent were positive. These data are based on tests performed during 1990. The percentage of positive tests was highest for homosexual and bisexual male injecting drug users (IDU). The term IDU replaces intravenous-drug user (IVDU), because not all abused drugs are injected intravenously (for example, anabolic steroids). Although whites make up over three-quarters of the general population, they account for slightly less than half the HIV-positive population. Blacks, at 12 percent of the population, account for over one-third of the HIV-infected population. Hispanics, at almost 8 percent of the general population, make up just over 11 percent of the population infected with HIV. Over three-quarters of those who were found to be infected were males. The rate of positive tests was 3.1 percent for those aged 20 to 29 years, and 5.5 percent for those aged 30 to 39. Post-test counseling was completed for almost three-quarters of those who tested positive, and for over half the individuals with negative results. Knowing their HIV infection status can help prolong the lives of those who are infected and prevent them from infecting others. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Testing, Prevention, Social policy, HIV patients, AIDS (Disease), United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Publicly funded HIV counseling and testing - United States, 1985-1989

Article Abstract:

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) support 63 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) programs and receives quarterly reports from each. The reports include data about HIV incidence according to test site and exposure risk, as well as demographic information about HIV-positive people. A review of results from 1985 through 1989 is provided. The number of testing sites increased from 1,577 to 5,013 and they are represented by several kinds of clinic. The cumulative total of HIV tests performed was 1,403,240, with 64,347 positive results. The highest rates of positivity among those who reported their risk category (1,040,392 of the total) were for homosexual/bisexual intravenous drug users (17.1 percent), homosexual/bisexual males (16.5 percent), persons with hemophilia (14.0 percent), and heterosexual intravenous drug users (11.6 percent). For persons of known ethnicity (91.1 percent of the sample), Hispanics had the highest rate of positive tests (8.6 percent). They, and black people, had a higher rate than their respective proportion of the United States population. Males who were positive made up 79.7 percent of all positive tests, and the majority of positive results came from people between 20 and 39 years old. Many infected people are unaware that they are HIV-positive, and priority should be placed on increasing the number of people who are tested and who receive the full range of counselling services. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Statistics, AIDS virus carriers, HIV carriers

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Characteristics of, and HIV infection among, women served by publicly funded HIV counseling and testing services - United States, 1989-1990

Article Abstract:

Over 15,000 cases of AIDS affecting women were reported in 1990, a 34 percent increase over 1989. A study of the number of tests done for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, as well as the results of those tests at publicly funded testing sites was conducted. Nearly half (48 percent) of the HIV tests done at such sites were done on women. Two percent of these were positive for HIV; 0.9 percent among white women, 3.3 percent among blacks, and 3.7 percent among Hispanics. The majority of these tests were performed at sexually transmitted disease clinics, HIV counseling sites, or family planning clinics. Some were performed at drug treatment centers. Of those who tested positive for HIV, 65 percent reported having engaged in some known risk behavior for AIDS. Thirty-one percent of those who were positive for HIV were intravenous drug users, and 27 percent were the sexual partners of persons with risk factors. While only 17 percent of all American women are either black or Hispanic, 73 percent of female AIDS victims are black or Hispanic. Because certain sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis, seem to increase the chance of contracting AIDS, clinics that treat sexually transmitted diseases should broaden their counseling and testing services to include HIV education and testing. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Reports, Women, Diseases, Medical statistics

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