Recommendations for the prevention of malaria among travelers
Article Abstract:
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in conjunction with several other agencies, has developed guidelines for malaria prevention among travelers. Because most areas where malaria is prevalent possess a strain of Plasmodium falciparum (the organism that causes the disease) that is resistant to chloroquine, the drug that has been most frequently used to treat malaria, new methods have been developed. Some of these new treatments have adverse side effects and have complicated instructions for proper use, making compliance a problem. Also, some of the drugs are less effective than chloroquine. Since 1980, a threefold increase has been reported in malaria cases among Americans who have traveled abroad. The area of highest risk is sub-Saharan Africa, which accounted for 80 percent of the cases reported between 1980 and 1988. Other areas of high risk are Asia, the Caribbean and South America. Relative risk of infection fluctuates, depending on areas of the country visited, such as urban or rural settings, and upon accommodations. For example, an individual who camps out may be at higher risk than someone staying in an air-conditioned hotel. One of the new drug treatments for malaria is mefloquine, which is used against P. falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine. In general, any drug treatment should begin one to two weeks prior to departure. It is stressed that individuals should seek professional guidance in assessing risk of infection and determining which prophylaxis treatment should be taken. The CDC has provided a hotline telephone number (404-332-4555) to obtain the latest malaria prevention recommendations. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1990
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The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria in Africa: implications for travelers
Article Abstract:
Malaria-causing microorganisms resistant to the drug chloroquine have spread from two countries in 1978 to at least 29 countries in 1988, creating a major concern for travellers to Africa. The spread of chloroquine-resistant strains has been documented by sporadic case reports and by isolated population surveys, but neither of these adequately reflects the risk to travellers taking chloroquine for protection. Surveillance of Peace Corps volunteers in West Africa indicates that as of Jan 1, 1989, chloroquine-resistant strains had spread as far west as Liberia, but with only limited risk in Sierra Leone. Monitoring the occurence of malaria in expatriates who have been highly exposed to possible infection provides early warning of the emergence of drug-resistant strains and can help guide recommendations for travelers.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1989
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Multifocal autochthonous transmission of malaria-Florida, 2003
Article Abstract:
Malaria outbreaks that are noticed in the USA are largely reported in persons traveling from areas that are prone to the disease, but there are instances of locally acquired mosquito-borne malaria. A study was conducted after detection of cases in Florida between July to September 2003 and it was decided to intensify mosquito eradication measures, but scientists need to do more research before arriving at a final conclusion.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2004
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