Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP): general recommendations on immunization

Article Abstract:

Recommendations regarding the practice of immunization by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee are reviewed. The recommendations include the types of vaccines currently available in the U.S., the routes of administration, immunization schedules and spacing of different vaccines types. Vaccines are not completely safe or effective. Consequences and risks can vary from mild to severe. Vaccines are usually administered at sites where reactions and injury are least likely to occur. Modifying recommended vaccine dosages can alter vaccine effectiveness or cause severe consequences. Each vaccine type is administered with its own schedule of doses. Some only require one dose, while other may need multiple doses to maintain protection (booster shots). Some recipients of vaccines are allergic to all or part of the component of the vaccine (such as egg or egg protein). Vaccinating children with immune deficiencies or children receiving chemotherapy with live virus preparations can cause severe complications. In addition, family members should not be given the live oral polio vaccine, which can be transmitted to an immunodeficient child. Inactivated virus vaccines are the vaccine of choice in these individuals. Although mild fever associated with minor upper respiratory tract infections, such as from colds, is not a cause for vaccine postponement, vaccinated children with higher grade fevers and moderate to severe illnesses should wait till full recovery. The following should not affect the decision to give a vaccination: a local reaction to a previous DPT vaccine with a fever less than 105 F; low-grade fever in a healthy child; current antibiotic therapy; prematurity; pregnancy of mother (or other household member); breast feeding; history of brief unknown allergy; allergies to antibiotics (except neomycin or streptomycin); and duck allergies. Family history of convulsions, sudden infant death and an adverse effect in a family member after immunization are also commonly misconceived reasons for withholding vaccination. Practitioners can call the Division of Immunization, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 or telephone (404) 639-3311 for updated information regarding vaccine recommendations. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

United States, Reports, Immunization of children, Immunization, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Communicable diseases in children, Pediatric communicable diseases, United States. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

---

Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) Mumps prevention

Article Abstract:

Revised standards for the use of mumps vaccine have been issued by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control. Mumps vaccine is prepared in tissue culture using chicken-embryo cells. The vaccine is available for immunization against only mumps, and in combinations which provide protection against mumps-rubella (German measles) and mumps-rubella-measles. The vaccine protects approximately 95 percent of those immunized from mumps infection. All but 3 percent of patients at risk for mumps form antibodies against the mumps virus after immunization. Although the exact period of protection remains unknown, data suggest that the protection afforded by mumps immunization is long-lasting. Effective immunization also requires proper storage of the vaccine prior to inoculation; to keep the live virus activated, mumps vaccine must be kept in the dark and cool (2 to 8 degrees Centigrade or lower). The vaccine must be discarded 8 hours after it is reconstituted. Inoculation with live mumps virus vaccine is recommended for individuals of all ages who are susceptible, unless contraindicated. During field trials the number of illnesses following vaccination were not significantly greater than in a control population of non-inoculated individuals. Contraindications for mumps immunization include severe illness with accompanying fever, allergies to chick-embryo cells, acute egg allergies, allergy to neomycin and pregnancy, although there is no evidence that inoculation causes fetal malformations. Mumps is an important disease worldwide and remains endemic in many parts of the world. Individuals planing trips to such areas can benefit from receiving a single inoculation with mumps vaccine. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Diseases, Vaccines, Parotid glands

---

A new combined trivalent live measles (AIK-C strain), mumps (Hoshino stain), and rubella (Takahashi strain) vaccine: findings in clinical and laboratory studies

Article Abstract:

The effectiveness of a trivalent vaccine for the prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella (German Measles) was compared with that of individual (monovalent) vaccines against each disease. A combined injection is advantageous both to the clinician and to the patient. The single injection makes scheduling of immunization simpler, reduces the number of visits, and has proven to be safe and effective. Although trivalent vaccine has been used for approximately 10 years within the United States, there have been some reports that this method is less effective than individual inoculations. The present study compares the rate of successful immunization among 1,369 health children inoculated with the trivalent vaccine, and the rate of successful immunization with monovalent vaccine. Before immunization 893 of the 1,369 children failed to demonstrate antibodies against any of the three diseases. Following inoculation 99.7 of the test group developed antibodies against measles and rubella, and 96.3 successfully became immunologically protected against mumps. Few of the children who were inoculated developed low-grade fevers (15.9 percent), and less than 2 percent developed high fever. The rate of successful immunization following trivalent vaccination was similar to that seen following univalent administration. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Evaluation, Measles vaccine, Measles vaccines, Rubella vaccines

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Some new twists to one of the most common procedures in US general surgery. Lipid particles may help solve puzzle regarding genesis of some cardiovascular diseases
• Abstracts: Spontaneous resolution of bone mineral depletion in preterm infants. Bone mineral content and body size 65 to 100 weeks' postconception in preterm and full term infants
• Abstracts: The role of corticosteroid therapy in children with pneumococcal meningitis. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in bacterial meningitis; a meta-analysis of clinical trials
• Abstracts: The reliability of the medical history in the identification of patients at risk for infective endocarditis. The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice
• Abstracts: Familial aggregation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignancies: a clinicopathologic description. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid as a second malignant neoplasm in children

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.