Renal elimination of ceftazidime during pregnancy
Article Abstract:
Ceftazidime is cleared more rapidly by the kidneys during pregnancy. Ceftazidime is an antibiotic that can be used to treat urinary tract infections. Twelve pregnant women had positive bacterial urine cultures but were otherwise healthy. They were treated with a large intravenous dose of ceftazidime followed by a constant infusion for four hours. Blood samples were drawn every 30 minutes to measure ceftazidime levels. Urine samples were collected after the large initial dose and then hourly. The procedure was repeated two weeks before term and after completion of breastfeeding. The last measurement enabled researchers to determine clearance rates in the same individual when not pregnant. At term, clearance values for ceftazidime were increased by half again to double what they were when not pregnant. Blood levels were correspondingly decreased. Dosages of ceftazidime may have to be increased by as much as 40% in late pregnancy to achieve the normal therapeutic levels.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1995
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Pregnancy-induced changes in the three-dimensional mechanical properties of pressurized rat uteroplacental (radial) arteries
Article Abstract:
Pregnancy appears to induce structural changes in the blood vessels of the uterus, resulting in vessels that are larger in diameter, longer and more expandable. Blood vessels were compared between 29 nonpregnant rats and 19 rats in the late stages of pregnancy. The average internal diameter of radial arteries was 78 micrometers in the nonpregnant rats compared with 109 micrometers in the pregnant rats. There were no significant differences in the thickness of the arterial walls between the pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Artery distensibility, which is a measure of a vessel's ability to expand, was greater in the pregnant rats than in the nonpregnant rats at all pressure values tested. Blood vessels were also significantly longer in the pregnant rats. This remodeling of arteries during pregnancy produced an increase in blood flow to the uterus of about 700%.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1993
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Changes in the pharmacokinetics of the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin sodium during pregnancy
Article Abstract:
Enoxaparin sodium appears to be metabolized differently during pregnancy. This drug is a form of low-molecular-weight heparin, an anticoagulant that is given to pregnant women with a history of abnormal blood clotting.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1999
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