Risk of infection during CPR training and rescue: supplemental guidelines

Article Abstract:

The American Heart Association and the American Red Cross have adopted guidelines designed to minimize the risk of transmitting infection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and CPR training. The primary concerns are risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The chance that these viruses will be transmitted during CPR is considered minimal. It is believed that these viruses are not transmitted through exchange of saliva. Transmission of the virus through exchange of blood has been established, and precautions should be taken to prevent this. During CPR, blood exchange is possible if either the patient or the person performing CPR has an open sore in or around the mouth. It is recommended that those who may be called upon to perform CPR in the course of their employment, such as emergency medical personnel and fire fighters, be provided with mechanical ventilation or barrier devices. No potential rescuer who is aware that he or she is infected with a communicable disease should perform CPR if there are other options immediately at hand. A rescuer who believes he or she has come in contact with a patient's blood should wash his or her mouth immediately, and contact a physician. If possible, the rescuer should rely on chest compression rather than mouth-to-mouth contact until professional help arrives. However, the rescuer must realize that the patient may die because of delayed ventilation, and that the risk of infection to the rescuer is minimal. The guidelines further state that no person who is aware that he or she may be infected with a communicable disease should take part in CPR training, which often involves trainees having mouth-to-mouth contact with the same training mannequin, unless the trainee's physician determines that training is appropriate. Established procedures should be followed for decontamination of equipment used in training. If possible, individual mannequins should be provided when requested.

Health aspects, Standards, Hepatitis, Viral, Viral hepatitis, CPR (First aid), Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, American Heart Association, American Red Cross

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Nevirapine and zidovudine at birth to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV in an African setting

Article Abstract:

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother-to-child in sub-Saharan Africa has shown a decrease with the use of nevirapine (NVP) and zidovudine (ZDV) and a test was conducted to determine risk of mother-to-child transmission when either standard use of NVP alone or when combined with ZDV was administered to infants of women tested at delivery. Test results were comparable with that of other perinatal HIV intervention studies among breastfeeding women in Africa.

Subsaharan Africa, Dosage and administration, Zidovudine, Sub-Saharan Africa, Nevirapine

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Supplemental perioperative oxygen and the risk of surgical wound infection: A randomized controlled trial

Article Abstract:

The hypothesis that supplemental oxygen reduces infection risk in patients following colorectal surgery is tested. Results reveal that patients receiving supplemental inspired oxygen had a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection.

United States, Usage, Risk factors, Clinical trials, Surgical wound infections, Oxygen equipment (Medical care)

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