Safety study of nonoxynol-9 as a vaginal microbicide: evidence of adverse effects

Article Abstract:

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) vaginal gel can cause inflammation and reduce the level of healthy vaginal bacteria when used daily, which may limit its value as a potential agent to prevent HIV transmission. Nonoxynol-9 is a spermicide found in vaginal contraceptives that may kill HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Researchers evaluated daily use of N-9 gel or placebo in 40 healthy women for one week. Half of the women using N-9 gel reported irritation, and 7 of 20 showed evidence of inflammation in vaginal biopsy samples. Levels of lactobacilli, a normal protective vaginal bacteria, were reduced in women using N-9.

Evaluation, Prevention, Causes of, Complications and side effects, HIV infection, HIV infections, Vagina, Medication by, Vaginal medication, Nonoxynol 9, Vaginitis

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The role of sexual partnership networks in the epidemiology of gonorrhea

Article Abstract:

Models of disease transmission in sexual partnership networks show that the proportion of non-monogamous pairs and the sexual mixing of very sexually active people may predict the establishment and spread of infection. Researchers created probability simulations of a sexual partnership network and its influence on sexually transmitted disease (STD) transmission. The population's proportion of non-monogamous pairs determines the establishment of STD infection. The sexual pairing of the most sexually active persons in the population predicts the prevalence of infection.

Health aspects, Demographic aspects, Social networks

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Sexual partner networks in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an analysis of gonorrhea cases in Sheffield, UK

Article Abstract:

Tracing sexual partners and identifying gonococcal strains can be used in combination to study gonorrhea transmission patterns within a sexual partner network. Researchers studied a sexual partner network of 1,272 persons of whom 77% had gonorrhea during a 2-year period. They identified 402 clusters of linked cases, the largest of which contained 35 persons linked over 16 months. Some persons could be shown to be infection transmitters whereas others acquired infections, sometime more than once, but did not infect anyone else.

Behavior, Disease transmission, Social groups

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