Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in hemodialysis patients: its role in infection and approaches to prophylaxis

Article Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections are a major cause of illness in dialysis patients. Patients on long-term dialysis are more prone to these infections because of their decreased immunity (lowered ability to fight infection), increased skin contamination by staph aureus and the multiple needle punctures required for dialysis. The major source of the bacteria is the anterior nares (front of the nostrils). Elimination of staph aureus from the anterior nares results in a significantly lower infection rate. Clinical studies of medications designed to eradicate the bacteria from the nares are reviewed. An antibiotic called rifampin has been the most consistently effective medication, although the emergence of strains of staph aureus that are resistant to rifampin is a potential problem. It is necessary to research other medications which can be applied topically or taken orally. Promising antibiotics include topical mupirocin, the oral quinolones and clindamycin.

Evaluation, Prevention, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemodialysis, Staphylococcal infections, Nose, Rifampin

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A pink-pigmented, oxidative, nonmotile bacterium as a cause of opportunistic infections

Article Abstract:

Two cases of bacteremia, a bacterial infection in the blood, due to a pink-pigmented, nonmotile, oxidative, rod-shaped and gram-negative bacterial organism that was similar to pseudomonas mesophilica and the 'unnamed taxon' organisms are described. One case of infection occurred in a patient who had a fever and few disease-fighting white blood cells. The other occurred in a patient who was chronically disabled and had an abscess of the pancreas. The principal distinction of the organism, which was isolated from blood specimens of these two patients, from the unnamed taxon was that it lacked the long, mobile, whip-like projection of a flagellum. It was also resistant to the cephalosporin category of antibiotics. With the growing population of patients with a poor, or immunosuppressed, ability to fight infective diseases and the increasing numbers of chronically ill patients, this organism may become a significant disease-causing bacteria.

Research, Case studies, Pancreatitis

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Haemophilus species bacteremia in patients with cancer: a 13-year experience

Article Abstract:

Factors which may predispose and assist in making a prognosis for patients diagnosed with a Haemophilus species bacterial infection in their blood are reviewed in 36 cases. Eighteen patients had first presented with pneumonia, one presented with cellulitis (soft tissue infection) and one presented with sinusitis. Most bacteremias were caused by Haemophilus influenzae; 72 percent responded to treatment. The following predisposing factors were identified as not playing a role in the patients' infections: lung disease, alcoholism, prior removal of the spleen (which produces disease-fighting lymphocyte white blood cells) and neutropenia (decrease in white blood cells). Ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cephalosporins were effective antibiotics in treating the infections. Bacteremia due to Haemophilus species is an uncommon infection in patients with cancer.

Pneumonia, Hemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae

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