Survival in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Article Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Infants can be infected with the virus perinatally, i.e. from their mothers during pregnancy. The symptoms that developed in 172 children who were infected perinatally were examined. More than half of the children had developed symptoms of the disease before they were one year old. Only 21 percent of the children reached the age of two before symptoms of the disease developed. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia developed in 17 percent of the children. Encephalopathy, abnormal structure or function of the brain, developed in 12 percent of the cases. Recurrent bacterial infection occurred in 10 percent and inflammation of the esophagus from the fungus candida occurred in 8 percent of the cases. Pneumonia due to the bacteria Pneumocystis carinii developed in 9 percent of the children. The median survival times from the time of diagnosis with these symptoms were 72 months for lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, 11 months for encephalopathy, 50 months for the bacterial infections and 12 months for the esophagitis, and one month for the bacterial pneumonia. Half the children in the study died before they were three years old. Seventeen percent of the children died in the first year of life. Children rapidly develop infections; therefore, early diagnosis is very important in beginning treatment before the onset of disease.

Prognosis, AIDS (Disease) in children, Pediatric AIDS (Disease)

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The pharmacokinetics and safety of zidovudine in the third trimester of pregnancy for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their infants: Phase I Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group Study (protocol 082)

Article Abstract:

Zidovudine (AZT) may be a safe treatment for HIV infection during the third trimester of pregnancy for both the mother and the unborn child. Seven pregnant women with asymptomatic HIV infection were treated with intravenous or oral zidovudine starting between 28 and 35 weeks of pregnancy. Clearance of zidovudine from the body was similar in the pregnant women to that in nonpregnant individuals. Zidovudine remained in the blood of the newborn infants 10 times longer than in the blood of the mother. None of the infants had an adverse reaction to zidovudine either at birth or during the 18 months following birth.

Health aspects, HIV infection, Drug therapy, HIV infections, Diseases, Pregnant women

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Effect of prenatal zidovudine on disease progression in perinatally HIV-1-infected infants

Article Abstract:

HIV infection progresses rapidly in babies born to HIV-infected women treated with zidovudine. In a study of 291 newborn babies, 70% of babies whose mothers took zidovudine progressed rapidly compared to 30% of babies whose mothers were not treated.

Development and progression

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