The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy

Article Abstract:

An abnormal amount of amniotic fluid, which surrounds the fetus, is associated with a poor pregnancy outcome. The volume of amniotic fluid in the four fluid pockets located in the amniotic sac can be a useful indicator of fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound, the use of high frequency sound to visualize internal structures, can be used to assess the amount of fluid within these amniotic pockets. Ultrasonographic imaging of the amniotic sac was performed throughout normal pregnancy to establish a normal range of amniotic fluid volumes. The amniotic fluid pockets were measured in 791 normal pregnancies. The differences among the various sonographer's techniques were tested and found to vary by three to seven percent. The percentages of changes in fluid volume were recorded for every week of pregnancy. In a normal pregnancy proceeding to term (37 to 41 weeks of pregnancy), the average volume was 115 millimeters, with a range of 68 to 196 millimeters, corresponding to the 5th to 95th percentiles. In pregnancies lasting beyond 42 weeks, the average volume was 108 millimeters, with a range of 67 to 174 millimeters. For the most accurate assessments, it is recommended that three amniotic fluid measurements be made when the index is below 100 mm. Normal amniotic fluid indices, which are highly reproducible, can be used to assess amniotic fluid changes during pregnancy surveillance. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Pregnancy

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Utility of minor ultrasonographic markers in the prediction of abnormal fetal karyotype at a prenatal diagnostic center

Article Abstract:

Minor anatomical abnormalities in the fetus can be used to more accurately detect chromosomal abnormalities. In a study of 2,743 fetuses, some of the anatomical abnormalities included echogenic bowel, 2-vessel umbilical cord, choroidal separation and choroid plexus cysts. These can all be detected during an ultrasound scan.

Evaluation, Abnormalities, Diagnosis, Down syndrome, Aneuploidy, Prenatal diagnosis

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Perinatal risks associated with borderline amniotic fluid index

Article Abstract:

An amniotic fluid index between 5 and 10 still increases the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome. This is considered a borderline amniotic fluid index, which is a measure of the amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus. Small amounts of fluid are a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome.

Statistical Data Included, Fetal growth retardation

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