The effect of parity on the later development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance

Article Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of sugar intolerance caused by a lack of the hormone insulin. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance are types of diabetes which do not require insulin treatment. Some studies have suggested a correlation between the number of times a woman gave birth, or parity, and an increased chance of getting diabetes later in life. This relationship between parity and the incidence of NIDDM was investigated. Three groups of women were compared: women having normal glucose tolerance (714 patients); those with impaired glucose tolerance (326 patients); and those with NIDDM (146 patients). There was an increased risk for developing NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) as the number of births increased. Greater age, obesity and a family history of diabetes added to that increased risk. Although obesity is known to be associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes, in this study it could not explain the connection between parity and diabetes. It is speculated that during pregnancy there is a demand for flexible insulin secretion, which ultimately causes glucose intolerance and NIDDM in later years. The effects are compounded further by obesity. Additional understanding of the relationship between parity and diabetes will help determine why some woman develop diabetes and others do not.

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Calpains and disease

Article Abstract:

Calpains are CA(super 2+)-dependent cysteine proteases that modulate cellular function. The findings on the role of the calpain superfamily in various disorders like diabetes, cataracts, multiple sclerosis, cancer and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, focusing on limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, the most extensively characterized human calpainopathy are reviewed.

Science & research, England, Research, Multiple sclerosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Cysteine proteinases, Calpain

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Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes

Article Abstract:

Insulin resistance in children of patients with type 2 diabetes is the best predictor of the development of diabetes. This insulin-resistance in the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with disregulation of intramyocellular fatty acid metabolism due to an inherited defect in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

United States, Health aspects, Demographic aspects, Insulin resistance, Fatty acid metabolism

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