The geographic and ethnic diversity of AIDS incidence trends in homosexual/bisexual men in the United States

Article Abstract:

The incidence of AIDS in homosexual and bisexual men not using intravenous drugs and living in New York City (NYC), Los Angeles (LA), and San Francisco (SF) leveled off by 1987, but in the same population living in other areas of the US, the incidence continued to increase. This study examined the geographic and ethnic diversity of the incidence of AIDS in this population of men. Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for all AIDS cases diagnosed in homosexual and bisexual males who did not use intravenous drugs for the 1983 to 1990 period covering. Incidence rates by racial and geographic factors were calculated. The increase in incidence of AIDS for those from the study group living in NYC, LA and SF began to slow in 1986 and leveled off by the end of 1987. In NYC, the incidence decreased further in 1989 and 1990. In other metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1,000,000, the increase in incidence began to slow in 1987 and leveled off by June 1989. In smaller metropolitan areas and rural areas, the increase in incidence did not begin to slow until 1990. Although the incidence had peaked for white, Hispanic, and black ethnic groups in NYC and LA, the plateau was reached a year earlier among whites. Outside of NYC, LA, and SF, the incidence of AIDS continued to increase for Hispanic and black ethnic groups, but appeared to have leveled off in white ethnic groups. Because a number of factors, including medical interventions, have contributed to the leveling off seen in some areas and groups and because HIV seroconversions continue to occur in this population of homosexual and bisexual men, these figures should not lead to complacency. Prevention efforts geared toward this population of men must be continued and strengthened. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Sexually transmitted diseases, Social aspects, Prevention, Sexually transmitted disease prevention, Gay men, Bisexuality, HIV seroprevalence

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Impact of the 1987 revision of the case definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the United States

Article Abstract:

The effect of the 1987 change in definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the number and characteristics of cases in the United States was assessed. From the time of the revision through 1988, there have been 28,920 cases diagnosed and reported. The proportion of these cases that fulfill the new criteria for AIDS was 28 percent, ranging from 0 to 82 percent in different regions of the country. This proportion increased from 26 percent in the last quarter of 1987 to 31 percent in the last quarter of 1988. The percentage of cases meeting the new AIDS criteria was higher at 43 percent among intravenous drug users, but lower at 21 percent among homosexual men who were not intravenous drug users. The new criteria require a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although the practice of HIV testing varies among states. The revision in the definition of AIDS has resulted in changes in the distribution of cases. For example, heterosexual intravenous drug abusers accounted for 18 percent of all AIDS cases before the revision, but for 35 percent of the cases afterwards. Thus, the results show that the changes in the definition of AIDS may influence the reporting of AIDS cases, which may affect the interpretation of trends in the number and characteristics of AIDS cases. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Methods, United States, Reports, AIDS patients, Epidemiology

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Spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States

Article Abstract:

For every patient with AIDS there may be two more individuals infected with HIV who require treatment for a broad range of serious HIV-related diseases. Of 7,635 individuals 13 years and older infected with HIV, 2,039 individuals (26.7%) developed one or more diseases associated with AIDS. Of the patients who developed an AIDS-indicator disease, 1,211 (15.9%) developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 353 (4.6%) developed esophageal candidiasis, 270 (3.5%) developed Kaposi's sarcoma and 868 (11.4%) developed other diseases. Serious infectious diseases that were not AIDS-indicator diseases developed in 891 individuals (11.7%), thrush developed in 2,616 individuals (34.3%) and herpes zoster (viral) infections developed in 535 individuals (7.0%). Intravenous drug users contracted more infectious diseases than male homosexuals who did not use drugs. The incidence of HIV-related disease was higher in those who had low T-cell counts, an indication of an impaired immune system.

Complications and side effects, HIV patients

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