The plain abdominal roentgenogram in the management of encopresis
Article Abstract:
Abdominal X rays may be helpful in diagnosing the cause of soiling in children. Results were compared for a rectal examination and abdominal X ray on 78 children ages 4 to 18 years with fecal incontinence. A scoring system was used for the X rays to determine if stool was being retained in the bowel. When X-ray findings were used as the standard, rectal examination and X-ray evaluation agreed in diagnosing stool retention 85% of the time. However, X rays diagnosed fecal retention in half the patients where rectal examination did not. Rectal examination is preferable because it is quick, inexpensive, and does not expose the child to radiation. However, when children are resistant to rectal examination, emotionally disturbed, or have been sexually abused, an X ray may be preferable.
Publication Name: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 1072-4710
Year: 1995
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Targets and rewards
Article Abstract:
Encopresis is the depositing of stools in underwear after the age of four years. Causes include the method of toilet training used initially, the age at which it started, parental relationship with the child and stress. Treatment can involve medical treatment, behavioural therapy, counselling the parents or client or the entire family. One 12-year-old patient had no underlying medical problem so emphasis was put on reducing his stress. Appropriate behaviour was rewarded and eventually, with on-going support, he managed to become continent. This improved his quality of life considerably.
Publication Name: Nursing Times
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0954-7762
Year: 1998
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Management of encopresis and the parents' role
Article Abstract:
The management of encopresis, defined as the passage of a normal stool in an unacceptable place in children, which also includes soiling, is discussed.
Publication Name: Nursing Times
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0954-7762
Year: 2001
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