The temporal relationship between maternal blood and amniotic fluid glucose levels

Article Abstract:

Glucose may be supplied to the developing fetus through two different routes: indirectly through the placenta and the umbilical artery, and directly through the amniotic membranes. A study measured glucose levels in 158 paired samples of amniotic fluid and maternal blood taken from pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis at 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid samples were taken at various times after the maternal blood sample was taken. When glucose concentrations in both fluids were plotted over time, the amniotic fluid glucose concentration was closest to the maternal blood glucose concentration at 21 to 40 minutes and again at 121 to 140 minutes. The presence of two lag times indicates that the fetus is receiving glucose from the mother through two separate routes. Glucose diffusing through the amniotic membranes may reach the fetus first, and at 15 to 20 weeks, the fetal skin can absorb glucose directly from amniotic fluid.

Analysis, Measurement, Maternal-fetal exchange, Amniotic fluid, Glucose

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Exercise prescription in pregnancy: weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing exercise

Article Abstract:

Research has shown that exercise helps to control the metabolism of sugar in patients with gestational diabetes, a disorder of sugar intolerance during pregnancy. Exercise performed by women with normal pregnancies and women with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes showed no undesirable effects and was considered safe. The physiological responses of 22 pregnant women performing either weight-bearing exercise on a treadmill or non-weight-bearing exercise on a bicycle were compared. The results indicate that the use of carbohydrates is preferred during non-weight-bearing exercise. This information is useful when considering ways to avoid the need for insulin during gestational diabetes. When considering exercise prescriptions, non-weight-bearing exercise such as bicycle ergometry is the preferred method of exercise for women with gestational diabetes. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Usage, Evaluation, Women's fitness, Diabetes in pregnancy, Gestational diabetes, Exercise bicycles

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A comparison of cardiopulmonary adaptations to exercise in pregnancy at sea level and altitude

Article Abstract:

Brief, moderate periods of exercise at 6,000 feet above sea level do not appear to pose a threat to the fetus in healthy women in late pregnancy. Ten high-weight, sedentary women in the third trimester of pregnancy who lived at sea level pedaled a bicycle until they were tired at sea level and then were retested at a nearby facility 6,000 feet above sea level. Electrocardiographic, metabolic, and respiratory data were collected. The fetal heart rate was also monitored. The ability to perform work was reduced at the higher altitude, but no symptoms that would pose a threat to the fetus were seen, and the fetal heart rate response was similar at sea level and at 6,000 feet.

Exercise physiology, Altitude, Influence of

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