Triphasic randomized clinical trial: comparative frequency of intramenstrual bleeding

Article Abstract:

Theoretically, the birth control pill is the best method of reversible contraception; in reality their protection against pregnancy seems to be equal to barrier methods (condom and diaphragm). Patients must take all the birth control pills in each package (as instructed) to maintain effective contraception. Poor compliance or discontinuing use may be attributed to side effects experienced during pill use. Side effects include breakthrough bleeding or spotting, nausea, vomiting, swelling, mood changes and weight gain. To see if breakthrough bleeding and spotting contribute to poor compliance or discontinuing pill use, women taking three different types of triphasic pills were evaluated. (Triphasic birth control pills provide estrogen and progesterone hormone doses in a pattern similar to that of the menstrual cycle.) The highest incidence of breakthrough bleeding was associated with Ortho Novum 777 (63 percent), followed by TriNorinyl (44 percent), and Tri-Levelen (33 percent). It is assumed these differences were due to the formulas themselves. The decreased incidence of breakthrough bleeding in the Tri-Levelen may be due to the way estradiol is released and the availability of progestogen. The dissimilar results among the three types of triphasic pills should be investigated. Formula choices should be considered to optimize patient compliance and improve pill effectiveness.

Research, Patient compliance, Ortho-Novum (Medication), Tri-Norinyl (Medication), Tri-Levlen (Contraceptive)

---

Fetal death from chlamydial infection across intact amniotic membranes

Article Abstract:

Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted bacteria responsible for chlamydial infections. Chlamydial infections during pregnancy are associated with early labor, premature rupture of amniotic membranes surrounding the fetus, premature delivery, and infant death. A 15-year-old pregnant woman, in the 34th week of pregnancy, came to the hospital in labor. The woman's amniotic membrane was still intact. However, the fetal heart could not be heard. The membranes were artificially ruptured and a pale green amniotic fluid was observed (amniotic fluid is usually a clear to pale yellow color). A dead fetus, which appeared to look normal physically, was delivered. Earlier in the pregnancy the woman had a positive culture for chlamydia and was treated with erythromycin, an antibiotic. It was assumed that the fetus died because the amniotic fluid was infected with chlamydia. The infant had pneumonia of both lungs on autopsy. The relationship between chlamydia and fetal death, and the effect of antibiotic therapy should be evaluated.

Case studies, Causes of, Communicable diseases, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Complications of, Pregnancy complications, Chlamydia infections, Fetal death, Communicable diseases in pregnancy

---

Triphasic randomized clinical trial: comparison of effects on carbohydrate metabolism

Article Abstract:

The triphasic birth control pill delivers the hormones progesterone and estrogen in dosages which resemble the hormonal patterns of a normal menstrual cycle. That is, the hormone combination and dose is different in week one than in weeks two and three. Early research studying the effects of higher dosed contraceptive pills found that women who took these preparations had abnormal glucose tolerance tests, showing too much sugar and insulin in the blood. The effects of three types of triphasic birth control pills were studied in 130 women. Slightly higher levels of glucose and insulin were found in women taking all three triphasic formulas. However, these increases did not reveal abnormal results on glucose tolerance tests when compared with a normal glucose curve. These findings do not apply to pregnant women with diabetes or a history of diabetes.

Analysis, Measurement, Carbohydrate metabolism, Insulin, Glucose

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: A randomized trial of nonoperative treatment for perforated peptic ulcer. Treatment of peptic ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori
• Abstracts: Birth-day choices. A clinical trial of active management of labor. Low birth weight - not a black-and-white issue
• Abstracts: Candida albicans: cellular immune system interactions during different stages of the menstrual cycle. Are you a lumper or a splitter?
• Abstracts: Significant decrease in congenital malformations in newborn infants of an unselected population of diabetic women
• Abstracts: Colposcopic findings and intraepithelial neoplasia in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring. Identification of patients with persistent trophoblastic disease by means of a normal human chorionic gonadotropin regression curve

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.