The new tuberculosis

Article Abstract:

Since 1985, the number of patients with tuberculosis has increased by an average of 16% each year. The largest increases have been in children and young adults, racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants and refugees. Factors that have caused these increases include homelessness, crowded housing, increased drug abuse, and increased immigration from countries with high tuberculosis rates. But the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has had the greatest impact on tuberculosis. HIV-positive individuals exposed to tuberculosis are more likely to develop the disease than HIV-negative individuals. HIV-positive patients who have tuberculosis are often difficult to diagnose, and many have drug-resistant forms of the disease. During the first quarter of 1991, 13 states had outbreaks of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Shortages of anti-tuberculosis drugs have also occurred. The medical community and government agencies should unite to identify and treat patients with the disease and prevent the spread of the disease.

Evaluation

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Tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Article Abstract:

HIV patients have an increased risk of tuberculosis because their immune systems have been suppressed by the virus. For this reason, all newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients should be tested for HIV. There are two tests that can detect the bacterium that causes tuberculosis in fluid samples within 24 hours. HIV patients with tuberculosis benefit from six months of treatment, but they are more likely to relapse. Longer treatment may be needed. The bacterium that causes tuberculosis is becoming resistant to some drugs. HIV patients can be given drugs to prevent tuberculosis.

Care and treatment, Complications and side effects, HIV infection, HIV infections

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