Unexplained opportunistic infections and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia without HIV infection: an investigation of cases in the United States

Article Abstract:

An investigation of cases of CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and severe opportunistic infections without HIV infection did not find any evidence of a new infectious agent or environmental cause that could explain the lymphocytopenia or illnesses. CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia is the depletion of certain white blood cells and is seen in HIV-infected patients. Of 47 patients with unexplained CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia, 29 were male and 18 were female. Only 18 of the patients reported one or more risk factors for HIV infection. Seven were hemophiliacs who had received blood transfusions, six had had homosexual sex, six non-hemophiliacs had received blood transfusions and two had heterosexual partners at risk of HIV infection. Nineteen patients had illnesses that would usually lead to an AIDS diagnosis. Blood samples were taken from 28 patients, and all were HIV-negative. Ten sex partners, three relatives and four children of the patients and six people who had donated blood to the patients were tested. All were healthy and HIV-negative and had normal levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes.

Causes of, Physiological aspects, Opportunistic infections, Immunodeficiency, CD4 lymphocytes

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in the United States: epidemiology, diagnosis, and public health implications

Article Abstract:

As of 1992, 32 US residents have been found to be infected with HIV-2, a variant of the virus that causes AIDS. HIV-2 infection is endemic in parts of Africa, and cases have also been reported in Portugal, France and Germany. Of 17 of the US cases, 13 were West Africans. Two were US natives who had visited West Africa. HIV-2 seems to have many characteristics in common with HIV-1, including the manner in which it is transmitted, and the type of disease it causes. The viruses are also similar structurally, and most HIV-2 infected individuals will test positive or indeterminate on a Western blot test. However, the Food and Drug Administration has licensed enzyme immunoassays that can detect both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Western blot tests have also been developed to detect HIV-2. The risk of contracting HIV-2 from a blood transfusion in the US is very small.

Demographic aspects, HIV infection, Diseases, Africans

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HIV Infection in Women in the United States: Status at the Millennium

Article Abstract:

More and more women are becoming infected with HIV and about half appear to have contracted the infection via heterosexual sex. In 1999, 18% of all AIDS cases were women, up from 6.7% in 1986. Sixty-one percent of all female HIV patients are African-American.

Health aspects, Statistical Data Included, Women, HIV infection in women

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