Update: barrier protection against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases
Article Abstract:
Latex condoms may be an effective method for the prevention of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Other STDs include gonorrhea, herpes simplex virus infection, hepatitis B and Chlamydia infection. One study found that consistent condom use may have prevented transmission of HIV in 123 couples in which one partner was HIV-positive and the other was HIV-negative. A laboratory study revealed that latex condoms were an effective barrier to fluid that contained HIV-sized particles. Latex condoms break less than 2% of the time during vaginal or anal intercourse. Slippage of the condom off the penis during withdrawal is probably also rare. The female condom is a lubricated polyurethane sheath with a ring on both ends. No research studies have been completed yet that examine its effectiveness against the transmission of HIV and other STDs. The most effective method for prevention of STDs is abstinence from intercourse with infected partners.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1993
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Spermicides, HIV, and the vaginal sponge
Article Abstract:
The use of condoms during sexual intercourse is an effective way to prevent the spread of HIV, but their use is not under the woman's control. Consequently, researchers have studied the use of vaginal spermicides to reduce the spread of HIV. Studies have shown that the spermicide nonoxynol 9 can kill HIV in a test tube, but its effectiveness in the body is unknown. A recent study found that a contraceptive vaginal sponge containing nonoxynol 9 did not protect female prostitutes from contracting HIV. In fact, the women who used the sponge had a higher rate of genital ulcers and vaginal inflammation, which could both be risk factors for HIV infection. Other studies using nonoxynol 9 in a cream or suppository are needed. Until then, women should ask their sex partners to use a condom.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1992
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A 40-year-old woman considering contraception
Article Abstract:
Women over the age of 35 have many different contraceptive options. The effectiveness of some contraceptives depends on how consistently they are used. Oral contraceptives and condoms fall into this category. Tubal sterilization, vasectomy, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) are effective regardless of user characteristics. Research has shown that the Copper T 380A IUD, Norplant injections and depot medroxyprogesterone injections are the most cost-effective contraceptives in the long term. Combined oral contraceptives can be effective as emergency contraception.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1998
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