Behavioral norms and expectations: a quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture

Article Abstract:

Qualitative techniques have traditionally been employed to assess organizational culture. Quantitative methods such as culture surveys can also be useful in organizational research and research into cultural change. An instrument called an Organizational Culture Inventory is described for making quantity-based research efforts. Information provided by members of various organizations is used here to demonstrate that organizations differ both internally and externally with regard to norms and expectations. Subcultural variations are shown to be associated with hierarchical levels.

Analysis, Organizational research, Social norms, Expectation (Psychology), Expectations

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Normative beliefs in fund-raising organizations: linking culture to organizational performance and individual responses

Article Abstract:

The relationship between normative beliefs and organizational performance was investigated by surveying personnel in 32 departments of a nationwide fund-raising organization. Some 263 employees were asked to complete the Organizational Culture Inventory, a 120-item survey evaluating 12 normative beliefs. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship between security-oriented normative beliefs and both fund-raising success and the attitudes of personnel. A positive relationship existed between teamwork-oriented norms and attitudes.

Management, Organizational effectiveness, Nonprofit organizations

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Estimating the difference between group versus individual performance on problem-solving tasks

Article Abstract:

Groups can solve a problem better, faster, and more easily than an individual. Research results in this regard have been inconsistent. Some recent evidence suggests that groups outperform individuals given the same task under the same circumstances. Research results may be applied in training situations or classroom environments for comparing trainees or students. The implications for groups in organizations such as quality circles, project planning teams, and self-managed teams are that 'many heads are better than one.'

Methods, Decision-making, Decision making, Case studies, Evaluation, Problem solving, Group problem solving

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