Real space and represented space: cross-cultural perspectives

Article Abstract:

The contributions of cross-cultural studies to knowledge about perception and the representation of space were examined. It was revealed by a cross-cultural survey of the basic problems in understanding pictures that similar problems occur in cultures with and cultures without pictures. The experiments on pictorial space perception are derived from two distinct traditions of research: the study of picture perceptions in "primitive" peoples and the study of perceptual illusions. Comparison of the findings on pictorial space perception with the findings on real space perception suggests that cross-cultural differences in perception of real and representational space are due to differences in two types of skills. The first type of skills are related exclusively to perception of either real or represented space; the second type of skills are related to perception of both. People in different cultures use different skills to perform the same perceptual tasks.

Psychological aspects, Social aspects, Depth perception, Space perception, Proportion (Art), Perspective, Perspective (Art)

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Coordinate transformations in orofacial movements

Article Abstract:

The findings on the research conducted on finger pointing were compared with results from a similar work on jaw movements in speech and mastication. Parallels in arm movements and speech motions were represented in coordinate frames. It was shown that speech movements must be specified in terms of vocal tract shapes because these are related to acoustical outputs. Speech motion planning involves transformation from coordinates that specify vocal tract shape to coordinates that describe the motion of the individual speech articulators. This is in agreement with the finger pointing research which showed that the nervous system utilizes simple linear approximations.

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Cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformations underlying arm movements to visual targets

Article Abstract:

Neurophysiological data concerning cortical areas involved in visuomotor transformation underlying arm movements to visual targets fits well the model presented by Martha Flanders et al. It was agreed that the posterior parietal cortex represents the first step in the visuomotor process. The retinal information about target location in space isinfluenced by an eye-position signal to provide a code of the target position in a head-centered coordinate system.

Analysis

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