Tourette's disorder in a set of reared-apart triplets: genetic and environmental influences

Article Abstract:

Tourette's syndrome is a disease that first occurs during childhood. The symptoms include attacks of involuntary, purposeless muscle movement, lack of muscle control, tics, and involuntary barks, grunts or utterances of verbal obscenities. Recent evidence has indicated genetic influences are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. A case history is presented where dizygotic (not genetically identical) triplets who were separated at infancy and reared apart all developed Tourette's disorder. Life histories and medical records on all three adults were compiled as a part of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. The case histories of the two females and one male are presented. All three met the criteria presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, for Tourette's disorder before the age of five. The development of this disorder in each triplet as they were raised in separate and different environments supports the concept that the disorder is, to a large degree, subject to genetic factors. This also supports previous research that has implicated genetic factors in the development of this disease. No factors were identified that suggested environmental influences on the development of Tourette's syndrome in these three cases. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Case studies, Causes of, Genetic disorders, Tourette's syndrome, Tourette syndrome

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Factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of panic disorder: revisiting the attachment-separation paradigm

Article Abstract:

The biologic model of panic disorder proposed by John Bowlby suggests that panic disorder is a separation anxiety reaction. Through the years, other neurophysiologic models have also been proposed. These models draw to attention to the possible role of attachment to the pathogenesis and etiology of panic. The attachment theory suggests that neurobiologic and behavioral functioning of individuals are influenced by the rearing environment, and that this influence begins to function early in life.

Psychological aspects, Models, Development and progression, Neurobiology, Attachment behavior, Attachment (Psychology), Panic disorders, Panic disorder

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Compared to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ..

Article Abstract:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may not necessarily be outgrown. Decay or complete disappearance of the behavioral disorder hinges on other factors, such as severity and the narrowness of ADHD definition. While some children did outgrow ADHD, others manifested antisocial behavior and learning disorders at adolescence. More adolescents and adults are also manifesting ADHD in clinical studies and comparison groups.

Editorial, Research, Prognosis, Behavior disorders in children, Childhood mental disorders, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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