When distinctiveness fails, false memories prevail

Article Abstract:

C.J. Brainerd and V.F. Reyna's work on the fuzzy-trace theory and false memories not only enhances one's understanding about false memories as it also sheds light on the potential mitigating effect of distinctiveness on misrememberings. False memories are believed to be most often a product of processes that affect forgetting, such as the decline of distinctiveness and the increase of retroactive interference. This means that the likelihood for interference among like traces rises when the distinctiveness of a trace in relation to the background of other traces decreases.

Psychological aspects, Recovered memory (Psychology), Recovered memory

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Reasoning from memory: a lifespan inquiry into the necessity of remembering when reasoning about class inclusion

Article Abstract:

An evaluation of the relationship between reasoning and remembering across the lifespan using color and number class-inclusion tasks shows sophisticated study skills across the lifespan. Increase in age increases the differences between colour and number choice latencies. Increasing memory loads have adverse effects on the quality of reasoning and memory. Trade-offs exist between class-inclusion and subclass-subclass forms of reasoning across the lifespan. Memory-reasoning dependencies are important for a comprehensive theory on the subject.

Reasoning

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The sources of children's errors during nonisomorphic analogical transfer: script theory and structure mapping theory

Article Abstract:

Research on second and third graders indicated script theory is more appropriate than structure mapping theory for nonisomorphic analogical transfer. The extent of base modification needed for transfer differed from condition to condition in the test. Regardless of the variations in problem spaces and descriptions or constraints, children effectively used their base on a nonisomorphic target at most choice points and initial response times were similar to isomorphic transfer times.

Analysis, Transfer of training, Reasoning in children, Childhood reasoning, Analogy (Linguistics)

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