Clarifying some controversial issues surrounding statistical procedures for detecting moderator variables: empirical evidence and related matters

Article Abstract:

Data used by Arnold (1982) to demonstrate the need for separate data analytic methods to assess form of relationship and degree of relationship differences were shown to have such problems as nonhomogeneous variance and heteroscedasticity, making them unsuitable for analysis with moderated regression. After applying variance-stabilizing transformations, we analyzed the same data by using moderated regression. Results of these analyses showed that the results reported by Arnold (1982) do not serve as a viable basis for perpetuating the practice of assessing degree of relationship differences with the subgrouping method. Moreover, the moderated regression strategy is capable of detecting not only form of relationship differences but also degree of relationship differences. Implications of these findings are discussed. In addition, a number of other issues surrounding the detection and description of moderating effects are considered. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Statistics, Statistics (Data), Regression analysis

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Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: an investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations

Article Abstract:

Response flexibility as a basis for leadership was examined. Ss were 108 students who completed the self-monitoring scale and four group tasks, interacting with different people on each task. Tasks required as leader styles either initiating structure, consideration, persuasion, or production emphasis. After each task, group members rated each other on perceived leadership and on four scales corresponding to the aforementioned leader styles. Results indicated that 59% of the variance in leadership emergence was trait based; for two of the four tasks, leader rankings were significantly correlated with task-relevant behaviors; and self-monitoring was significantly correlated both with average leader rankings and with task-relevant behaviors on two of the tasks. These findings suggest that trait-based variance in leadership may be due to social perceptiveness and response flexibility. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Analysis, Leadership, Self-control, Self control, Personality, Personality traits

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