Motivation and cognitive abilities: an integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition

Article Abstract:

Two central constructs of applied psychology, motivation and cognitive ability, were integrated within an information-processing framework. This theoretical framework simultaneously considers individual differences in cognitive abilities, self-regulatory processes of motivation, and information processing demands. Evidence for the framework is provided in the context of skill acquisition, in which information-processing and ability demands change as a function of practice, training paradigm, and timing of goal setting. Three field-based lab experiments were conducted with 1,010 U.S. Air Force trainees. In Experiment 1 the basic ability-performance parameters of the air traffic controller task and goal-setting effects early in practice were evaluated. In Experiment 2 goal setting later in practice was examined. In Experiment 3 the simultaneous effects of training content, goal setting, and ability-performance interactions were investigated. Results support the theoretical framework and have implications for notions of ability-motivation interactions and design of training and motivation programs. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Cognition, Ability, Human information processing, Ability (Psychology)

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Integrating laboratory and field study for improving selection: development of a battery for predicting air traffic controller success

Article Abstract:

An example of combining laboratory and field-based study to develop a selection battery for field implementation is described. The procedure provides advantages in comparison with sole use of field-based experimentation: namely, greater control over examinee samples, collection of construct validity data, and fewer field demands for cross-validation. Two experiments were conducted that converge on development of a test battery for selection of air traffic controllers (ATCs). The laboratory study (N=112) used an ATC simulator (terminal radar approach control, or TRACON) for initial development and evaluation of the selection battery. The field study of 206 Federal Aviation Administration ATC trainees provided cross-validation data as a precursor to implementation of the battery. Implications for developing ability-based and self-efficacy-based selection measures for complex job performance are discussed, as are general issues for new selection research and application. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Design and construction, Examinations, Employee selection, Educational tests, Testimonial, Air traffic controllers, Ranking and selection (Statistics)

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Investigating behavioral antecedents of turnover at three job tenure levels

Article Abstract:

A field study was conducted to investigate differences between hourly assembly operators who stayed and hourly assembly operators who voluntarily quit their jobs. A total of 80 stayers and 121 leavers were identified from personnel records and were classified into one of three job tenure groups, 2-5 months, 6-12 months, and more than 12 months. Job performance, attendance measures, and biographical variables were used to predict turnover for each job tenure group. Results indicated poorer performance by leavers with 6-12 months tenure compared with stayers. No differences in performance or attendance were obtained between stayers and leavers with between 2-5 months and those with more than 12-months job tenure. Leavers after 6 and before 12 months demonstrated more absenteeism compared with stayers. Implications for the role of absenteeism and constraints on the performance-retention relation are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Employee turnover, Employment stabilization

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