Occupational attainment as a function of abilities and interests: a longitudinal analysis using project TALENT data

Article Abstract:

Ability, interest, gender, and family socioeconomic status of 13,248 tenth-grade participants in Project TALENT were studied as they relate to occupation attainment by using discriminant analysis. Individuals were classified into 12 broad categories reported 11 years after graduation. Accuracy analyses indicated correct classifications significantly above chance for all except the Technical and Sales categories. Within-category classification percentages were higher for all groups except Construction. Five canonical discriminant functions that jointly accounted for all 96.8% of all the between-group variance were interpreted. The first 2 accounted for 81.9% of the variance. Function 1 was a general ability function; Function 2 differentiated the categories on the basis of mathematical ability and gender. Function 3 through 5 accounted for 14.9% of the between-groups variance. Some implications of these findings are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Employment, Occupations, Achievement motivation

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The job descriptive index revisited: questions about the question mark

Article Abstract:

The scoring of the ? response for items in the Work scale of the Job Descriptive Index (JDI; Smith, Kendall, & Hulin, 1969) was investigated. The scale was administered to 548 individuals at a large university. Analyses similar to those completed by Smith et al. and polychotomous item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted. The results obtained with Smith et al.'s procedure confirmed that the ? option should be scored as a more negative than positive response for the overall scale. Work satisfaction items that did not discriminate between satisfied and dissatisfied individuals were identified from the latent trait analyses. Using IRT to evaluate such item response options as 'neutral' and 'no opinion' is discussed. Results from items in the Co-Workers and Pay scales of the JDI and the Health and Retirement Valence scales of the Retirement Descriptive Index (Smith et al., 1969) are described. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Scaling (Social sciences)

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From then to now: the development of industrial-organizational psychology in the United States

Article Abstract:

This article reviews the development of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology in the United States since its beginnings at about the turn of the century. The history is divided into periods within which are described topics, roles, and forces, with the goal of explaining as well as describing developments. Among the conclusioos are that I-O psychology is a dynamic field that has been making contributions both to the science of behavior and to industrial society and that those contributions have been underestimated by some and possibly overestimated by others. Among the problems still facing the field is the disjunction between science and practice. However, in principle, that and other bipolarities can be made complementary. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

History, Industrial psychology, Industrial-organizational psychology

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