Private and quasi-social rates of return on pharmaceutical R&D in Japan
Article Abstract:
The rates of return (ROR) on pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) in Japan is calculated based on the R&D function and the return function. R&D function refers to the link between R&D expenses and new drug development while the return function is the link between new drug development and profits. The presence of both spillover and generic effects leads to two types of ROR, quasi-social ROR and private ROR. The former (about 33%) is found to exceed the private ROR (about 19%) because of the spillover and generic effects.
Publication Name: Research Policy
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0048-7333
Year: 1992
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
The determinants of overseas R&D by Japanese firms: an empirical study at the industry and company levels
Article Abstract:
Several factors underlie Japanese firms' decision to locate research and development (R&D) investments abroad during the late 1980s. A review of Ministry of International Trade and Industry data at the sectoral level and R&D statistics at the firm level suggests that overseas investment is favorable when support for local manufacturing and marketing is in place and outweigh home R&D activity. Other determinants are access to technological knowledge and knowledge-creating institutions.
Publication Name: Research Policy
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0048-7333
Year: 1996
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Research consortia as a vehicle for basic research: the case of a fifth generation computer project in Japan
Article Abstract:
Government-subsidized research consortia are efficient means of carrying out basic researches as revealed by an analysis of Japan's Fifth Generation Computer Systems Project. Such research and development projects significantly benefit from limited spillovers, enhanced decision-making and lesser exposure to risks. Participants of research consortia also gain advantage from reduced operational costs and are offered with opportunities to acquire new knowledge and ideas.
Publication Name: Research Policy
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0048-7333
Year: 1997
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
- Abstracts: Organizational processes to meet new performance criteria: Chinese pharmaceutical firms in transition. Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China's transitional context
- Abstracts: Predictors and outcomes of reactions to pay-for-performance plans. Analysis of role conflict and role ambiguity in a structural equations framework
- Abstracts: Employee reactions to contextual and session components of performance appraisals. part 2 Observation accuracy for assessors of work-sample performance: consistency across task and individual-differences correlates
- Abstracts: Sociocognitive analysis of group decision making among consumers. Complaining to the masses: the role of protest framing in customer-created complaint web sites
- Abstracts: Income and gender inequalities in Asia: testing alternative theories of development. Small manufacturing enterprises in Egypt