Rural retail business thresholds and interdependencies

Article Abstract:

The relationship between rural retail activity and retail business concentration was analyzed by utilizing empirical economic models. Threshold analysis of retail-sector activity in rural areas indicate the existence of rural business interdependencies with minimum demand threshold values. Furthermore, interdependency in rural retail business threshold is dependent on the presence of varied types of retail firms. The threshold analysis also indicates the importance of including retail business interdependencies in evaluating the minimum thresholds of rural retail-sector activity.

Economics, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Miscellaneous Store Retailers, MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL, Retail Trade NEC, Research, Analysis, Economic aspects, Retail industry, Retail trade, Macroeconomics, Cooperation (Economics), Cooperation, Rural industry, Rural industries

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Allocative efficiency of rural Nevada water systems: a hedonic shadow cost function approach

Article Abstract:

A study has been conducted to examine the impact of allocative distortions in input demand for the water utilities in rural Nevada using the neoclassical cost function method. The approach considered the effects of regulatory constraints and assumed that production decisions were based on unobservable shadow prices. The results showed that 76% of water utilities of rural Nevada overutilize energy relative to labor. The mathematical framework used for examining allocative distortions are presented.

Models, Evaluation, Econometrics, Nevada

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Specification and estimation of the effect of ownership on the economic efficiency of the water utilities

Article Abstract:

Economic inefficiency among 190 public and 31 private urban water utilities is studied using a stochastic frontier cost function in terms of their form of ownership and the characteristics of their firm. Findings show that privately-owned water utilities were more efficient in small operations. Public water utilities, on the other hand, were more efficient on a large scale.

Water Supply and Irrigation Systems, Water supply, Water Utilities, Management, Usage, Stochastic processes

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