Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows

Article Abstract:

New Caledonian crows were observed from Nov. 1992 to Mar. 1995 to study their tool behavior. Results belie the existing claim that tool behavior in wild birds is mostly stereotyped and tool manufacture is virtually nil. The New Caledonian crows used and manufactured two different types of hook tool for predation purposes, namely, hooked-twig and stepped-cut pandanus leaf. Tool manufacture among crows exhibited features alien to tool use in wild nonhuman animals, namely, a high degree of standardization, distinctly discrete tool types distinguishable through shape, and the use of hooks.

Research, Natural history, Crows (Birds), Crows, New Caledonia, Tool use in animals, Animal tool use

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Borderline cases

Article Abstract:

Events such as the civil war in Yugoslavia, the dissolution of the Soviet Union are likely to produce long-lasting changes that will continue to alter the map long after 1992. Ethnic minorities with nationalistic urges have begun to make their desires known within European countries. In African and Middle Eastern countries, boundaries established by Europeans after World War I have caused many of the regions' conflicts. Economic cooperation plans in North America, Europe and Asia will soon alter the conduct of trade, erasing the effects of borders within certain regions.

Current events, World maps, Boundaries, Boundaries (Geography), 1992 AD

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Block Buster

Article Abstract:

Minnesota Viking lineman John Randle is an imposing figure who is known for his hustling play and bruising tackles. Randle's unique personality and take on the game of football have led to thousands of dollars in fines, the latest of which came from wearing too much black paint around his eyes during games in 1998.

Personalities, Linemen (Football), Minnesota Vikings, Randle, John

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