Cnidarian homeoboxes and the zootype
Article Abstract:
Cnidaria, believed to be the earliest-evolving animal phylum apart from the sponges, do not have several HOX genes that are found in Drosophila and vertebrates. These genes could have occurred through duplication after the origin of the Cnidaria. This research does not support the view that all animal phyla share a specific pattern of gene expression, the zootype. It supports a hypothesis similar to that which states that, at an early stage in the evolution of the HOX cluster, there was a three-gene cluster made up of an Abdominal-B-like gene and an ancestor of the anterior genes labial and proboscipedia.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1998
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A bacterial antibiotic-resistance gene that complements the human multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein gene
Article Abstract:
Bacteria have developed antibiotic-resistance mechanisms, and LmrA, a protein in Lactococcus lactis, extrudes amphiphilic compounds from the cytoplasmic membrane, to mediate antibiotic resistance. LmrA is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, along with the human multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein. LmrA was expressed in human ling fibroblast cells, which was surprisingly targeted to the plasma membrane, conferring typical multi-drug resistance. Their pharmacological characteristics were similar and their affinity for vinblastine and magnesium-ATP was indistinguishable.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1998
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Minimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hos complements
Article Abstract:
The full Hox/ParaHox gene complements and genomic organization are characterized in two cnidarian species. The analysis has shown that the ProtoHox cluster consists of only two anterior genes and non-anterior genes might have appeared independently in the Hox and ParaHox clusters, possibly after the separation of bilaterians and cnidarians.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2006
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