Promotion of Hras-induced squamous carcinomas by a polymorphic variant of the Patched gene in FVB mice

Article Abstract:

The development of Hras-induced skin squamous carcinomas (SCCs) is found to be under the control of a carboxy-terminal polymorphism in the mouse Ptch gene. The analysis has shown that Ptch occupies a critical place in determining basal or squamous cell lineage and that both tumor types have emerged from the same target cell depending on carcinogen exposure and host genetic background.

California, Analysis, Causes of, Gene mutations, Gene mutation, DNA damage, Squamous cell carcinoma, Genetic polymorphisms

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Dangerous liaisons

Article Abstract:

The cellular liaisons within tissues that will benefit cancer researchers and biologists alike are discussed. The result shows that some tissues, such as skin, in which TGF- Beta is known to be important determinant of homeostasis, showed no obvious change in characteristics when TGF-beta signaling was abrogated.

Transforming growth factors

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Self-reproducing machines

Article Abstract:

Simple machines that act as autonomous modular robots and are capable of physical self-reproduction using a set of cubes are developed. Their modules have electromagnets that selectively weaken and strengthen connections, determining where the structure breaks and joins.

Usage, Biological systems

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