Single atoms as transistors

Article Abstract:

The effort to make ever smaller transistors will probably continue until the level of single atoms has been attained. The drive to increase computer chip memory capacity by making tinier transistors has raised the question of just how small the transistors can be made. Three groups of researchers demonstrated that electrical current can be manipulated by one atom's quantum-mechanical state and that the state itself can be used when desired. The consequence of this is that one-atom-at-a-time transistors are feasible.

Semiconductor chips, Integrated circuits, Transistors, Microelectronics

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A superconducting siphon

Article Abstract:

A new method for the direct refrigeration of electrons for the efficient functioning of electronic circuits has been proposed. The accuracy of an electronic circuit increases with a reduction in temperature. The low temperature reduces the noise in the circuit, thereby increasing its efficiency. The new method thermally isolates the small conductor in a circuit and cools the electrons.

Evaluation, Electronic circuits

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Optics: Ado about nothing much?

Article Abstract:

An explanation is provided for reports of pulses of light and microwaves appearing to move through a barrier at speeds faster than a reference pulse moves through a vacuum that does not violate Einstein's assumption of relativity. Discusses the research, accompanied by a diagram.

Science & research, Observations, Light, Constants, Physical, Constants (Physics), Speed, Speed of light

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